The leachability of elements in solid wastes

Speciation of metals in sewage sludge for agricultural uses

“…The sum of fractions 1 and 2 represents the bioavailability of the metals. 17 It can be observed than this sum represents an appreciable proportion for Ni and K (24%), Ca (22%), Mg (20 %), Na (16%) and Mn (17%). The level of Ni is very high, as was mentioned above.…”

“…In sequential multiple extraction techniques, different chemical extractants of various types are sequentially applied to the sample of sediment, soil or sludge, each follow-up treatment being more drastic in chemical action or different in nature from the previous one. Applications of these methods have been given for atmospheric particulates, 13 street dust and roadside soils, 14 sewage sludge, [15][16][17][18][19] incinerated sludge ash, 17,20 sediments 21,22 and soils. 23,24 Several speciation methods have been reviewed in the literature.…”

Speciation and Geochemical Behaviour of Heavy Metals in Industrial Area Soil of Mysore City, India

“…In sequential multiple extraction techniques different chemical extractants of various types are sequentially applied to the sample of sediment, soil or biosolid, each follow-up treatment being more drastic in chemical action or different in nature from the previous one. Applications of these methods have been used for street dust and roadside soil by Harrison et al (1981) [11], biosolids by Pérez-Cid et al (1996) [12] , Rudd et al (1986) [13], and Ure and Davidson (1995) [14], incinerated sludge ash by Fraser and Lum (1983) [15] and Vela et al (1993) [16], sediments by Gonzalez et al (1995) [17] , [18] and Quevauviller et al (1993) [19] and soil by Cañadas et al (1986) [20], Lindsay (1979) [21] and Li et al (1995) [22]. Many of these schemes are based on the five-stage schemes developed by Tessier et al (1979) [23], method or its modifications by [24].…”

Study on interaction between phosphorus and cadmium in sewage sludge during hydrothermal treatment by adding hydroxyapatite

“…On the other hand, it's widely recognized that the risk or eco-toxicity of HMs in sludge is determined not only by the total concentration but also by their existing forms (Xian, 1989), most probably attributable to the fact that HMs in different existing forms possess different binding strength and stability in sludge residue, resulting in the difference in their possible mobility, toxicity and bioavailability (Vela et al, 1993).…”