The learning of 90° continuous relative phase with and without Lissajous feedback: External and internally generated bimanual coordination

Perception and action influences on discrete and reciprocal bimanual coordination

“…In the nonhomologous task the interference in the left limb force occurred only when the right limb was releasing force. Taken together, the results of these force tasks provide further evidence for the robust utility of perceptual displays in facilitating multi-frequency bimanual coordination patterns (Boyles et al, 2012;Kennedy et al, 2015a,b;Kovacs et al, 2010a,b;Kovacs & Shea, 2011;Mechsner et al 2001). …”

“…This tactic has been termed a fading schedule. Kovacs and Shea (2011) designed an experiment using a 1:1 with 90°phase shift bimanual coordination task to determine if systematically reducing the percentage of time that Lissajous display was provided during practice results in test performance without concurrent feedback being maintained at levels observed when Lissajous displays were continually provided. In this experiment participants attempted to coordinate the movements of their arms in an attempt to produce the required phase relationship while being provided concurrent Lissajous displays with 100 %, 50 %, or 0 % frequency.…”

Transfer of learning between unimanual and bimanual rhythmic movement coordination: transfer is a function of the task dynamic

“…Lissajous figures are a very powerful tool to enable performance of otherwise difficult tasks (for example, see Kovacs et al 2009a). However, they do not actually enable learning of 90° (again, see Kovacs et al 2009a) unless the presence of the Lissajous figure is faded during the learning process (Kovacs and Shea, 2011). Without this fading, people become dependent on the augmented feedback, failing to develop perceptual sensitivity to the naturally occurring information that can specify a 90° coordination, and thus, are unable to produce the trained movements without the Lissajous figure.…”

Self-Controlled Feedback for a Complex Motor Task

“…The International Conference SKILLS 2011 00084-p. 3 mainly taken in complex motor task learning. It was hypothesized that feedback is requested after good trials, as done in simpler motor tasks [6,7,8,9,10].…”

“…Different adaptations of feedback frequency to the increasing skill level have been proposed. Fading feedback reduces the feedback frequency over time, and has been shown to be effective [3]. However, the optimal fading rate is commonly unknown.…”