The length of the low-redshift standard ruler

Verde, Licia; Bernal, José Luís; Heavens, Alan; Jiménez, Raúl

doi:10.1093/mnras/stx116

Cited by 108 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It is interesting to note that the model-independent measurement of the "local standard ruler" [11] is in good agreement with the value of r d found from the early-time only analysis and has error-bars comparable to those on r d found in the "nu" model. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Testing Early Cosmologysupporting

confidence: 77%

“…[4] and updated to the latest data by [11]. The sound horizon at the redshift of radiation drag z d is a standard ruler defined by early Universe physics:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4] have been updated by [11], obtaining r d,SBH = 141.1±5.5 Mpc (using JLA type IA SNe data [13], BAO D V /r s measurements [12,14,15] and the Hubble constant H 0 determination of Ref. [16]) and r d,CSB = 150.0 ± 4.7 Mpc when including, instead of H 0 , cosmic chronometer measurements from passive elliptical galaxy ages [17], yielding H(z).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Constraints on the cosmological parameters for the models considered using the TT TEEE and lensing likelihoods. The entries w and on measurements of H 0 are expected to further reduce the error on the ruler (see e.g., [11] for a discussion), promising therefore more stringent tests on the physics in the early Universe.…”

Section: Testing Early Cosmologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early cosmology constrained

Verde

Bellini

Pigozzo

et al. 2017

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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Abstract. We investigate our knowledge of early universe cosmology by exploring how much additional energy density can be placed in different components beyond those in the ΛCDM model. To do this we use a method to separate early-and late-universe information enclosed in observational data, thus markedly reducing the model-dependency of the conclusions. We find that the 95% credibility regions for extra energy components of the early universe at recombination are: non-accelerating additional fluid density parameter Ω MR < 0.006 and extra radiation parameterised as extra effective neutrino species 2.3 < N eff < 3.2 when imposing flatness. Our constraints thus show that even when analyzing the data in this largely model-independent way, the possibility of hiding extra energy components beyond ΛCDM in the early universe is seriously constrained by current observations. We also find that the standard ruler, the sound horizon at radiation drag, can be well determined in a way that does not depend on late-time Universe assumptions, but depends strongly on early-time physics and in particular on additional components that behave like radiation. We find that the standard ruler length determined in this way is r s = 147.4 ± 0.7 Mpc if the radiation and neutrino components are standard, but the uncertainty increases by an order of magnitude when non-standard dark radiation components are allowed, to r s = 150 ± 5 Mpc.

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Section: Testing Early Cosmologysupporting

confidence: 77%

“…[4] and updated to the latest data by [11]. The sound horizon at the redshift of radiation drag z d is a standard ruler defined by early Universe physics:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Testing Early Cosmologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early cosmology constrained

Verde

Bellini

Pigozzo

et al. 2017

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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“…Verde et al (2017) have shown that models differing from ΛCDM may have a value for r d that is not compatible with r s (z d ). Moreover, the integral in Eq.…”

Section: Baryonic Acoustic Oscillationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is cosmic acceleration proven by local cosmological probes?

Tutusaus

Lamine

Dupays

et al. 2017

A&A

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Context. The cosmological concordance model (ΛCDM) matches the cosmological observations exceedingly well. This model has become the standard cosmological model with the evidence for an accelerated expansion provided by the type Ia supernovae (SNIa) Hubble diagram. However, the robustness of this evidence has been addressed recently with somewhat diverging conclusions. Aims. The purpose of this paper is to assess the robustness of the conclusion that the Universe is indeed accelerating if we rely only on low-redshift (z 2) observations, that is to say with SNIa, baryonic acoustic oscillations, measurements of the Hubble parameter at different redshifts, and measurements of the growth of matter perturbations. Methods. We used the standard statistical procedure of minimizing the χ 2 function for the different probes to quantify the goodness of fit of a model for both ΛCDM and a simple nonaccelerated low-redshift power law model. In this analysis, we do not assume that supernovae intrinsic luminosity is independent of the redshift, which has been a fundamental assumption in most previous studies that cannot be tested. Results. We have found that, when SNIa intrinsic luminosity is not assumed to be redshift independent, a nonaccelerated low-redshift power law model is able to fit the low-redshift background data as well as, or even slightly better, than ΛCDM. When measurements of the growth of structures are added, a nonaccelerated low-redshift power law model still provides an excellent fit to the data for all the luminosity evolution models considered. Conclusions. Without the standard assumption that supernovae intrinsic luminosity is independent of the redshift, low-redshift probes are consistent with a nonaccelerated universe.

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Black holes as “time capsules”: A cosmological graviton background and the Hubble tension

Piran

Jiménez

2023

Astron Nachr

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Minuscule primordial black holes (BHs) before the end and after inflation can serve as "time capsules" bringing back energy from the past to a later epoch when they evaporate. As these BHs behave like matter, while the rest of the universe's content behaves like radiation, the mass fraction of these BHs, which is tiny at formation, becomes significant later. If sufficiently small, these BHs will evaporate while the Universe is still radiation dominated. We revisit this process and point out that gravitons produced during evaporation behave as "dark radiation." If the initial BHs are uniformly distributed so will the gravitons and in this case, they will be free of Silk damping and avoid current limits on "dark radiation" scenarios. Seeds for such BHs can arise during the last phases of inflation.We show here that with suitable parameters, this background graviton field can resolve the Hubble tension. We present current observational constraints on this scenario and suggest upcoming observational tests to prove or refute it. Finally, we also elaborate on the graviton background produced by particle annihilation during the Planck era or shortly after inflation.

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The length of the low-redshift standard ruler

Cited by 108 publications

References 18 publications

Early cosmology constrained

Early cosmology constrained

Is cosmic acceleration proven by local cosmological probes?

Black holes as “time capsules”: A cosmological graviton background and the Hubble tension

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