The Level and Role of Interleukin-17 in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with and without Complications

Abstract

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the most prevalent metabolic disorder in the world. Recent evidence however suggests that T2DM is not only a disease of metabolism, but also an inflammatory disorder and that inflammation also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Diabetic complications. Our aim was to study the level of interleukin-17 (IL 17) in Indian populations with T2DM as an inflammatory marker and analyze its role in different diabetic complications. Methods: A total of consecutive 67 patients of T2DM were evaluated for clinical parameters fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2hr-post-prandial blood glucose (PPBG), lipid profile, HbA1c and plasma IL 17. They were divided into three groups-Patients of T2DM without any complications (group A; n = 24), T2DM with acute complications (group B; n = 20), T2DM with chronic complications (group C; n = 23) and compared with 23 healthy controls (group D). Results: Diabetic patients had a higher level of IL 17 as compared to the healthy controls. The level of IL 17 in complicated diabetics was higher than the patients with T2DM without complications. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed positive correlation of IL 17 with Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Neuropathy. IL 17 also showed a positive Pearsons correlation with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum triglycerides (TG), serum total cholesterol (TC), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), HbA1c and a negative correlation with HDL. Conclusion: Indian subjects with T2DM with or without complications had higher values of IL 17 as compared to healthy controls. Also diabetic neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy were positively correlated to levels of IL 17.

Relations between Interlukin-6 and Some Biochemical Parameters in Diabetic Foot Syndrome

“…We observed a significant increase in the concentration of (FBG) in group (DF) and (DN) compared to group (DM) (P≤0.05). This result is consistent with the results of the study (37) .…”

“…Self-management (controlling the fasting blood sugar level) of diabetes is an essential element to prevent or mitigate complications of diabetes, as (40) it was stated that (FBG) levels increased in diabetic foot patients compared to diabetic patients, because the chronic elevation (FBG) leads to diabetic neuropathy. Which is the gateway to diabetic foot syndrome, as revealed in this study (37) . There is a positive correlation between IL-6 and FBG levels in each of DF(r = 0.29), DN (r= 0.33) and DM (r = 0.21) as shown in figure (1).…”

A Holistic View of the Goto-Kakizaki Rat Immune System: Decreased Circulating Immune Markers in Non- Obese Type 2 Diabetes

“…Our data suggests that the inflammatory milieu in GK rats is most likely due to T c 17 cells and activated monocytes, NK cells as represented by elevated CD161a+ cells. In the human context, T2D patients have been shown to have higher IL-17 levels compared to healthy controls, which contribute to the pro-inflammatory phenotype commonly observed in T2D ( 64 , 65 ), thereby justifying our hypothesis.…”

Evaluate microbial profile and IL-17 level in transmission transfusion infection patients

“…(Galil et al 2015) found that mean serum levels of IL-17 in SLE patients were significantly higher (19.54 pg/ml) at (p < 0.001) in relation to Healthy control group( 10.78 pg/ml)and observed that patients with LN had lower levels of IL-17 during periods of remission with mean (13.18 pg/ml) than in active disease. Parhi et al,(2019) reported that the levels of IL 17 (normal level ≤ 10 pg/ml) was found to be increased in DM (mean = 25.06 pg/ml) which is higher than in non-diabetic controls (mean = 5.232 ± 2.867 pg/ml) . Kuen et al .,(2020) noted that Th17 frequency is higher in the tumor cell than in healthy tissues or PBMCs,tumor cells and demonstrated elevated IL-17 production associated with persistence inflammation.…”

“…Figure 4: Illustrate IL-17 serum level in hemodialysis patients according to cause of disease Radwanetal.,(2021)show that serum levels of IL-17 were significantly higher among patients with SLE as compared to healthy controls with a median 138 pg/nl versus 8.6 pg/nl respectively (p=0.001). (Galil et al 2015) found that mean serum levels of IL-17 in SLE patients were significantly higher (19.54 pg/ml) at (p < 0.001) in relation to Healthy control group( 10.78 pg/ml)and observed that patients with LN had lower levels of IL-17 during periods of remission with mean (13.18 pg/ml) than in active disease Parhi et al,(2019). reported that the levels of IL 17 (normal level ≤ 10 pg/ml) was found to be increased in DM (mean = 25.06 pg/ml) which is higher than in non-diabetic controls (mean = 5.232 ± 2.867 pg/ml) Kuen et al .,(2020).…”