The level of sIgA in nasal secretions and the incidence of complications in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 against an immunotropic drug

Svitich, Oxana; Abramova, N. D.; Бишева, И. В.; Хромова, Е. А.; Сходова, С. А.; Kryukova, N. O.; Баранова, И. А.; Ag, Chuchalin; Полищук, В. Б.; Пахомов, Д. В.; Osiptsov, V. N.; Tatevosov, V. R.; Yurinskaya, M. L.; Костинов, М. П.

doi:10.1183/23120541.lsc-2022.258

Cited by 4 publications

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“…The results of the studies investigating the e cacy of immunomodulatory agents in COVID-19 infection are, however, scarce, anecdotal, and sometimes not evidence-based. It has been supposed that products containing bacterial ligands used as part of a combination treatment help maintain high levels of sIgA throughout the treatment period [14]. Elevated levels of nasal sIgA may activate the mechanisms of mucosal immune response and contribute to a favorable course and outcome of COVID-19 disease [15]; there may also be a correlation between sIgA levels and the clinical symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

`Secretory IgA and course of COVID-19 in patients receiving a bacteria-based immunostimulant agent in addition to background therapy

Kostinov

Свитич

Chuchalin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Scientific Relevance: Mucosal immunity plays a major role not only in the prevention but probably also in the outcome of COVID-19. An enhanced production of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) might contribute to the activation of the immune response mechanisms. Study Objective: To assess the levels of sIgA produced by epithelial cells in the nasal and pharyngeal mucosa and those measured in salivary gland secretions and to study the course of COVID-19 following the intranasal or subcutaneous administration of a bacteria-based immunostimulant agent. Materials and Methods: This study included 69 patients, aged between 18 and 60, who had moderate COVID-19 infection. They were divided into two groups: Group 1 (control group) included 39 patients who received only background therapy, and Group 2 was made up of 30 patients who received background therapy in combination with the Immunovac VP4 vaccine, a bacteria-based immunostimulant agent, which was given for 11 days starting from the day of admission to hospital. The levels of sIgA were measured by ELISA in nasal epithelial swabs, pharyngeal swabs, and salivary gland secretions at baseline and on days 14 and 30. Results: The convalescence phase of moderate COVID-19 was associated with a decrease in sIgA levels in nasal swabs, persistently high sIgA levels in salivary gland secretions, and no changes in pharyngeal swabs with the levels similar to those in healthy subjects. The addition of an immunostimulant agent to combination therapy for patients with COVID-19 stimulates the production of sIgA in the nasal and pharyngeal compartments, reduces C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and shortens the duration of fever and the length of hospital stay. Conclusion: Using an immunomodulatory agent containing bacterial ligands in therapy for COVID-19 patients enhances the production of sIgA in the nasal and pharyngeal compartments and improves the course of the disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

`Secretory IgA and course of COVID-19 in patients receiving a bacteria-based immunostimulant agent in addition to background therapy

Kostinov

Свитич

Chuchalin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Через 30 дней после начала лечения уровень sIgA в группе пациентов, получавших «Иммуновак-ВП-4», статистически значимо вырос, как по сравнению с исходными значениями (с 77,7 (40,5-98,7) мкг/л до 113,4 (39,8-156,7) мкг/л, p = 0,05), так и по сравнению со значениями, измеренными на 14-й день лечения (с 60,2 (23,3-102,9) мкг/л до 113,4 (39,8-156,7) мкг/л, p = 0,03). В контрольной группе на 30-й день наблюдения уровень sIgA в назальной полости, напротив, статистически значимо снизился до 37,3 (8,9) мкг/л (с 99,9 (58,6-178,0) мкг/л исходно -p = 0,007 и с 59,0 (21,9-138,1) мкг/л на 14-й день лечения -p = 0,04). Таким образом, относительно исходных значений, через 30 дней после начала лечения уровень sIgA в назальной области в группе контроля снизился на 60 (от -115,4 до -3,5) мкг/л, а в группе «Иммуновак-ВП-4» вырос на +22,1 (от +1,8 до 89,8) мкг/л, различия дельты показателя между группами статистически значимы (p = 0,003).…”

Section: результаты и обсуждениеunclassified

“…Введение иммуномодуляторов бактериальной природы приводит к поляризации иммунного ответа, преимущественно по Th1-типу, отмечается повышение цитотоксичности NK-клеток, увеличение экспрессии TLR-2, TLR-4 и TLR-9 [2]. Высказываются предположения, что назначение бактериальных лигандов в комплексной терапии позволяет поддерживать повышенное содержание sIgA на период лечения [8], а активация синтеза sIgA, выявляемого в назальном секрете, может способствовать усилению механизмов мукозального иммунного ответа и благоприятному течению и исходу COVID-19.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Secretory IgA in patients with COVID-19 at different regimens of using multicomponent vaccine Immunovac-VP-4

Kostinov,

Abramova,

Osiptsov

et al. 2023

Russian Journal of Immunology

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The mucosal immunity performs an important function in prevention of respiratory infections including COVID-19. The search for approaches to activate the synthesis of post-infectious antibodies by correcting the factors of innate and adaptive immunity at mucous membranes of respiratory tract in patients with infection caused by the new coronavirus may be relevant for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. The aim of our study was to assess the concentrations of sIgA in the upper respiratory tract in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Coronavirus infection caused by the COVID-19, and to evaluate the effect of an immunostimulating drug of bacterial origin upon the sIgA secretion. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 45), received basic therapy; group 2 (n = 33), in addition to basic therapy, received the bacterial vaccine Immunovac-VP-4 according to a combined scheme. The biomaterial sampling was carried out by scraping of epithelial cells from the nasal mucosa, pharyngeal scraping and salivary gland secretion on days 1, 14 and 30 of the study. sIgA levels in all biological fluids were studied using ELISA technique (JSC Vector-Best, Russia). 14 days after the start of observation, the dynamics of sIgA levels in nasal scrapings in group 1showed a significant decrease relative to the baseline values (p = 0.02), whereas the level of sIgA remained unchanged during the specified period (p = 0.07) in the group of patients receiving, along with basic therapy, additional Immunovac-VP-4 treatment. The dynamics of sIgA level in pharyngeal scrapings in the group of patients receiving only basic therapy did not change throughout the study period. Menwhile, the group of patients receiving basic therapy supplemented with Immunovac-VP-4 showed a significant increase in sIgA levels by the 30th day of follow-up over the baseline values (p = 0.02). The level of sIgA in salivary gland secretions did not differ significantly between the study groups during the entire follow-up period. The results of our study showed that, in order to assess the state of mucosal immunity in patients with COVID-19, one may recommend determination of sIgA in nasal secretions. The Immunovac-VP-4 prescribed in complex therapy is accompanied by an increase in the sIgA levels at the mucous surfaces of the respiratory tract.

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“…The results of the studies investigating the efficacy of immunomodulatory agents in COVID-19 infection are, however, scarce, anecdotal, and sometimes not evidence-based. It has been supposed that products containing bacterial ligands used as part of a combination treatment help maintain high levels of sIgA throughout the treatment period 15 . Enhanced production of sIgA detected in nasal epithelial secretion may activate the mechanisms of mucosal immune response and contribute to a favorable course and outcome of COVID-19 disease; there may also be a correlation between sIgA levels and the clinical symptoms 16 – 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secretory IgA and course of COVID-19 in patients receiving a bacteria-based immunostimulant agent in addition to background therapy

Kostinov,

Svitich,

Chuchalin

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Mucosal immunity plays a major role not only in the prevention but probably also in the outcomes of COVID-19. An enhanced production of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) might contribute to the activation of the immune response mechanisms. To assess the levels of sIgA produced by epithelial cells in the nasal and pharyngeal mucosa and those measured in salivary gland secretions and to study the course of COVID-19 following the combined scheme of intranasal and subcutaneous administration of a bacteria-based immunostimulant agent. This study included 69 patients, aged between 18 and 60, who had moderate COVID-19 infection. They were divided into two groups: Group 1 (control group) included 39 patients who received only background therapy, and Group 2 was made up of 30 patients who received background therapy in combination with the Immunovac VP4 vaccine, a bacteria-based immunostimulant agent, which was given for 11 days starting from the day of admission to hospital. The levels of sIgA were measured by ELISA in epithelial, nasal and pharyngeal swabs, and salivary gland secretions at baseline and on days 14 and 30. The combined scheme of intranasal and subcutaneous administration of the Immunovac VP4 vaccine in the complex therapy of patients with COVID-19 is accompanied by increased synthesis of sIgA in nasal and pharyngeal swabs, more intense decrease in the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) and reduction in the duration of fever and length of hospitalization compared to the control group. Prescribing a immunostimulant agent containing bacterial ligands in complex therapy for COVID-19 patients helps to enhance mucosal immunity and improves the course of the disease.

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The level of sIgA in nasal secretions and the incidence of complications in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 against an immunotropic drug

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

`Secretory IgA and course of COVID-19 in patients receiving a bacteria-based immunostimulant agent in addition to background therapy

`Secretory IgA and course of COVID-19 in patients receiving a bacteria-based immunostimulant agent in addition to background therapy

Secretory IgA in patients with COVID-19 at different regimens of using multicomponent vaccine Immunovac-VP-4

Secretory IgA and course of COVID-19 in patients receiving a bacteria-based immunostimulant agent in addition to background therapy

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