The life cycle model of chinese empire dynamics (221 BC–1912 AD)

Lü, Peng; Chen, Dianhan

doi:10.1080/0022250x.2021.1981311

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…However, the model can also be applicable to another empire with agriculture as the main mode of production. These agricultural empires have common characteristics: First, the arable land area changes slowly in the same Dynasty, so the arable land area in a dynasty can be regarded as fixed; Second, in the agricultural period, the improvement of agricultural production efficiency is very slow [68] . Our model is based on these premises, which also makes our model generally adaptable to the agricultural empire.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulating rise and fall cycles of Vietnam empires

Lü

Chen

2023

Fundamental Research

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our model is based on these premises, which also makes our model generally adaptable to the agricultural empire. At present, this model has been used to fit the Chinese dynasty [68] . Similarly, the model may also be applicable to fit the cycle of Japanese historical dynasties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating rise and fall cycles of Vietnam empires

Lü

Chen

2023

Fundamental Research

Self Cite

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“…Other scholars focus on the dynamics of Qing society itself [23,26,32,46]. Such endogenous forces include frustration and unrest among a growing segment of the population facing food shortages due to disruptions from violent conflicts, lack of available productive land, or ecological distress, as well as the dissatisfaction of wealthy and powerful citizens-the elite-unable to procure the high-status positions they seek.…”

Section: Alternate Explanations For the Fall Of The Qingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Others seek to place the collapse of the Qing within China's longer imperial history, stretching back to the Han Empire of the late first millennium BCE [22][23][24][25]. This perspective sees the rise and fall of the Qing as just one in a long cycle that saw dynasties come and go every few centuries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural-demographic analysis of the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912) collapse in China

Orlandi,

Hoyer,

Zhao

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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This paper analyzes the collapse of the Qing dynasty (1644–1912) through the lens of the Structural Demographic Theory (SDT), a general framework for understanding the drivers of socio-political instability in state-level societies. Although a number of competing ideas for the collapse have been proposed, none provide a comprehensive explanation that incorporates the interaction of all the multiple drivers involved. We argue that the four-fold population explosion peaking in the 19th century, the growing competition for a stagnant number of elite positions, and increasing state fiscal stress combined to produce an increasingly disgruntled populace and elite, leading to significant internal rebellions. We find that while neither the ecological disasters nor the foreign incursions during the 19th century were sufficient on their own to bring down the Qing, when coupled with the rising internal socio-political stresses, they produced a rapid succession of triggering events that culminated in the Qing collapse.

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“…Others seek to place the collapse of the Qing within China's longer imperial history, stretching back to the Han Empire of the late first millennium BCE [22][23][24][25] . This perspective sees the rise and fall of the Qing as just one in a long cycle that saw dynasties come and go every few centuries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural-Demographic Analysis of the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912) Collapse in China

Orlandi¹,

Hoyer²,

Zhao³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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This paper analyzes the collapse of the Qing dynasty (1644–1912) through the lens of the Structural Demographic Theory (SDT), a general framework for understanding the drivers of socio-political instability in state-level societies. Although a number of competing ideas for the collapse have been proposed, none provide a comprehensive explanation that incorporates the interaction of all the multiple drivers involved. We argue that the four-fold population explosion during the 19th century, the competition for a stagnant number of elite positions, and increasing state fiscal stress combined to produce an increasingly disgruntled populace and elite, leading to significant internal rebellions. We find that while neither the ecological disasters nor the foreign incursions witnessed during the 19th century were sufficient on their own to bring down the Qing, when coupled with the rising internal socio-political stresses, they produced a rapid succession of triggering events that culminated in the Qing collapse.

show abstract

The life cycle model of chinese empire dynamics (221 BC–1912 AD)

Cited by 3 publications

References 56 publications

Simulating rise and fall cycles of Vietnam empires

Simulating rise and fall cycles of Vietnam empires

Structural-demographic analysis of the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912) collapse in China

Structural-Demographic Analysis of the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912) Collapse in China

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