The Lifestyle Characteristics in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Since the effect and safety of pharmacotherapy for NAFLD are unknown, the proper management of lifestyle is crucial.
 AIM: The present study was conducted to determine the status of food, Physical Activity (PA), and sleep in patients with and without NAFLD.
 METHODS: In this analytical- cross-sectional study, 630 clients with 36-60 years old who referred to the PERSIAN Guilan cohort study were included through simple non-random sampling. The developed questionnaire and lifestyle characteristics, including the status of nutrition, physical activity, and sleep, were completed for all samples. BMI was also calculated by determining weight and height, and fatty liver was confirmed based on abdominal ultrasound.
 RESULTS: The prevalence of NAFLD in this study was by 43.7% (275 / 630). Smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, and weight loss over the past six months, regular exercise and exercise intensity, sedentary living, speed of eating, consuming fatty food, red meat, sweets beverages, and use of saturated fatty acid (SFA), and consuming fruits and vegetables were associated with presence of NAFLD (all p < 0.05). However, no significant relationship was observed between the parameters of sleep duration, the interval between dinner and night sleep, consuming breakfast and snack during the day and NAFLD (All p > 0.05).
 CONCLUSION: The onset and progression of NAFLD are associated with lifestyle. Therefore, dietary therapy solutions, physical activity, and sleep and rest situations should be paid attention for people with or at risk of NAFLD.

Eating Fast Is Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Men But Not in Women with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…In fact, a previous study reported that the prevalence of eating fast in patients with diabetes was 61.5% [30], which was higher than that in healthy subjects [16,18]. In addition, in this study, eating fast was associated with NAFLD in men, which is the same as previous studies [19][20][21]. On the other hand, eating speed was not association with the presence of NAFLD in women.…”

“…Moreover, it has been shown that eating fast is associated with metabolic syndrome [10,17] and T2DM [16,18]. Furthermore, several studies have also revealed that eating fast is associated with NAFLD in the general population [19][20][21]. However, the association between eating speed and NAFLD in patients with T2DM has not been established.…”

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in School-Age Children and Adolescents in Shenyang, China

“…Physical exercise can reduce the formation of free fatty acids, inhibit insulin resistance, reduce the risk factors for MAFLD, and has even been shown to reverse the condition [26] . Our study also found that children with fatty liver appeared to engage in less exercise, which is consistent with the results of the study of adults conducted by Mansour-Ghanaei et al However, we did not nd a relationship between exercise intensity and fatty liver disease [27] . It has been reported that aerobic exercise and resistance exercise can reduce steatosis of MAFLD; people with poor cardiopulmonary function are more suited to resistance exercise [28] .…”

Meta-analysis of the association between major foods with added fructose and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

“…For the remaining 66 articles, 51 studies were further excluded owing to a lack of data on RRs, HRs, ORs, and 95% CIs ( n = 7), irrelevant results ( n = 20), and exposure factors ( n = 24). Finally, a total of 15 studies (two cohort studies, six case–control studies, and seven cross-sectional studies) 26–40 met the criteria, involving 65 149 participants (including 19 670 cases with NAFLD). Table 1 summarizes the study characteristics.…”