“…Perhaps one of the most important observations to emerge from the data, however, was a bidirectional relationship between CLL and people"s perceptions and behaviors during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. As found in various studies (e.g., Kuße, 2021;Phyak & Sharma, 2022;Rozin, et al, 2022), CLLs reflect people"s thoughts, beliefs and ideologies, these signages have an explicit influence on people"s perceptions, practices, and attitudes as found in this study. This finding is also consistent with previous studies such as Kalocsá nyiová , et al, 2021, Marshall, 2021, Phyak, and Sharma, 2022, Hopkyns and van den Hoven, 2022and Lacsina and Yeh, 2022, that found that outdoor media (LL) can be a powerful tool that serves several functions including being informative, communicative, social, and political.…”