The lipid biochemistry of marine organisms

Malins, Donald C.; Wekell, John C.

doi:10.1016/0079-6832(70)90011-x

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…This hypothesis was supported by the observation that the hydrocarbon gave a single peak, inseparable from that of authentic squalene, by g.l.c. We were unable to detect pristane, a hydrocarbon which is often present in marine organisms (Malins & Wekell, 1971).…”

Section: Distribution and Gross Composition Of Centrophorus Lipoproteinsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Although the presence of these compounds in marine animals is apparently well established by numerous observations (cf. Malins & Wekell, 1971), there remains a good deal of uncertainty about their validity in particular cases. For example, Malins & Wekell (1971) reported the presence of substantial amounts of wax esters in the livers of deep-sea sharks, including species of Centrophorus, Centroscymnus and Deania.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Malins & Wekell, 1971), there remains a good deal of uncertainty about their validity in particular cases. For example, Malins & Wekell (1971) reported the presence of substantial amounts of wax esters in the livers of deep-sea sharks, including species of Centrophorus, Centroscymnus and Deania. By contrast, Sargent et al (1973) found no wax ester in the liver or muscle of Centroscymnus, Deania or Squalus acanthias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, there is evidence that the same lipids are present in the lipoproteins from animals of both these classes, albeit not always in the same proportions (Lauter et al, 1968;Mills & Taylaur, 1971; Lee & Puppione, 1972;Nelson & Shore, 1974). However, fish tissues commonly contain large amounts of very-long-chain highly unsaturated fatty acids, and in sharks may also include appreciable amounts of hydrocarbons and alkyldiacylglycerols (Heller et al, 1957;Hallgren & Larsson, 1962;Lambertson & Holman, 1963;Malins et al, 1965;Bone & Roberts, 1969;Malins & Wekell, 1971). Sargent et al (1973) have also shown that both hydrocarbons and alkyldiacylglycerols are present in the serum lipoproteins of certain sharks.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Characterization of serum lipoproteins of the shark Centrophorus squamosus

Mills¹,

Taylaur²,

Chapman³

et al. 1977

Biochemical Journal

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1. Blood serum from the shark Centrophorus squamosus (Bonnaterre) was shown to contain VLD (very-low-density), LD (low-density) and HD (high-density) lipoproteins. 2. In shape, size and general physical properties, these lipoproteins were very similar to those described for other animals. The VLD lipoproteins were the major components of the mixture, and HD lipoproteins were present at the lowest amount. 3. In addition to the usual lipid components, the shark lipoproteins also contain substantial amounts of hydrocarbon, probably mainly squalene, and monoalkyldiacylglycerols. Only trace amounts of wax ester were detected. 4. The protein moiety of the VLD and LD lipoproteins contained a component which, in its solubility and electrophoretic properties, molecular weight and amino acid composition, resembled the B apolipoprotein of man and other mammals. This accounted for a large part of the total shark apolipoprotein. 5. There were also present smaller amounts of proteins which were soluble in 8M-urea. In their electrophoretic mobility on basic polyacrylamide gel, some of these were like the A and C apoproteins of man. 6. The electrophoretic distribution of the soluble proteins from the VLD and LD lipoproteins resembled that in higher mammals, but in the HD lipoproteins the similarity was less.

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Section: Distribution and Gross Composition Of Centrophorus Lipoproteinsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of serum lipoproteins of the shark Centrophorus squamosus

Mills¹,

Taylaur²,

Chapman³

et al. 1977

Biochemical Journal

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“…Two recent papers from this laboratory have revealed that the mandible tissue contains unique diol lipids (dialkoxyalkanes) (Varanasi and Malins, 1969) esters composed of long-chain alcohols and high proportions of isovaleric acid (Varanasi and Malins, 1970). Furthermore, both long-chain acids and alcohols of the wax esters contained significant amounts of iso structures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ester and ether-linked lipids in the mandibular canal of a porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). Occurrence of isovaleric acid in glycerolipids

Varanasi¹,

Malins²

1970

Biochemistry

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Nutritional indexes, fatty acids profile, and regiodistribution of oil extracted from four discarded species of the Alboran Sea: Seasonal effects

Morales‐Medina

García‐Moreno

Pérez‐Gálvez

et al. 2016

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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The new EU fisheries regulations state that all catches from pelagic fisheries must be landed from the January 1, 2015 on. Consequently, the development of new techniques for the up-grading of these discards is required. The aim of this work was to study the variations of the lipid profile and nutritional value of the oil extracted from four discarded species: axillary seabream (Pagellus acarne), sardine (Sardina pilchardus), horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus), and blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou). To that end, the proximate composition, the lipid profile, the regiospecific distribution of fatty acids within the glycerol backbone, the nutritional parameters (thrombogenic and atherogenicity indexes and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio), and the peroxidability index were determined in each season. All species presented polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as the major fraction in both the global and the sn-2 profile. DHA presented highly regiospecifity to position sn-2 whereas the tendency of EPA was to occupy sn-1(3) positions. The relative concentration of PUFA occupying sn-2 position varied from 30 to 60% (molar basis).Practical applications: This work proposes an up-grading strategy for the fish oils extracted from four discarded pelagic species. In the last decades, fish oils have been widely employed as source for the production of structured lipids or PUFA concentrates. The choice between both applications depends on the fatty acids regiodistribution within the glycerol backbone. Oils with high PUFA content at the central bond may be selected for the production of structured lipids by using sn1-3 lipases. In this case, the central position remains unmodified. To obtain concentrates it is necessary to release the free fatty acids and subsequently re-esterified them. Consequently, oils with lower PUFA content in the central position are preferred for the production of concentrates by urea complexation or winterization.

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The lipid biochemistry of marine organisms

Cited by 21 publications

References 75 publications

Characterization of serum lipoproteins of the shark Centrophorus squamosus

Characterization of serum lipoproteins of the shark Centrophorus squamosus

Ester and ether-linked lipids in the mandibular canal of a porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). Occurrence of isovaleric acid in glycerolipids

Nutritional indexes, fatty acids profile, and regiodistribution of oil extracted from four discarded species of the Alboran Sea: Seasonal effects

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