The Long-Term Effect of COVID-19 Disease Severity on Risk of Diabetes Incidence and the Near 1-Year Follow-Up Outcomes among Postdischarge Patients in Wuhan

Zhang, Jun; Shu, Tingting; Zhu, Rui; Yang, Fengwen; Zhang, Boli; Lai, Xuefeng

doi:10.3390/jcm11113094

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…We identified 4710 records through PubMed, EMBASE, and ScienceDirect database searches. A total of 51 articles (i.e., 33,573 patients) were selected for analysis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria [ 6 , 15 , 16 , 18 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ]. The study selection process was documented in Figure 1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Long COVID-19 Caused by Different SARS-CoV-2 Strains: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Deng

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Although many studies of long COVID-19 were reported, there was a lack of systematic research which assessed the differences of long COVID-19 in regard to what unique SARS-CoV-2 strains caused it. As such, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the characteristics of long COVID-19 that is caused by different SARS-CoV-2 strains. We systematically searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and ScienceDirect databases in order to find cohort studies of long COVID-19 as defined by the WHO (Geneva, Switzerland). The main outcomes were in determining the percentages of long COVID-19 among patients who were infected with different SARS-CoV-2 strains. Further, this study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022339964). A total of 51 studies with 33,573 patients was included, of which three studies possessed the Alpha and Delta variants, and five studies possessed the Omicron variant. The highest pooled estimate of long COVID-19 was found in the CT abnormalities (60.5%; 95% CI: 40.4%, 80.6%) for the wild-type strain; fatigue (66.1%; 95% CI: 42.2%, 89.9%) for the Alpha variant; and ≥1 general symptoms (28.4%; 95% CI: 7.9%, 49.0%) for the Omicron variant. The pooled estimates of ≥1 general symptoms (65.8%; 95% CI: 47.7%, 83.9%) and fatigue were the highest symptoms found among patients infected with the Alpha variant, followed by the wild-type strain, and then the Omicron variant. The pooled estimate of myalgia was highest among patients infected with the Omicron variant (11.7%; 95%: 8.3%, 15.1%), compared with those infected with the wild-type strain (9.4%; 95%: 6.3%, 12.5%). The pooled estimate of sleep difficulty was lowest among the patients infected with the Delta variant (2.5%; 95%: 0.2%, 4.9%) when compared with those infected with the wild-type strain (24.5%; 95%: 17.5%, 31.5%) and the Omicron variant (18.7%; 95%: 1.0%, 36.5%). The findings of this study suggest that there is no significant difference between long COVID-19 that has been caused by different strains, except in certain general symptoms (i.e., in the Alpha or Omicron variant) and in sleep difficulty (i.e., the wild-type strain). In the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and its emerging variants, directing more attention to long COVID-19 that is caused by unique strains, as well as implementing targeted intervention measures to address it are vital.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Long COVID-19 Caused by Different SARS-CoV-2 Strains: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Deng

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Most studies discussed the incidence of type 2 diabetes, with a minority describing type 1 diabetes. The mean age was 60-65 years in five studies [10,[16][17][18][19], whereas in others it ranged from 35 to 45 years [12,13,15]. Data regarding sex distribution were not available for two studies [11,13].…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Risk of New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus as a Post-COVID-19 Condition and Possible Mechanisms: A Scoping Review

Chourasia

Goyal

Kansal

et al. 2023

JCM

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Long-term effects of COVID-19 are becoming more apparent even as the severity of acute infection is decreasing due to vaccinations and treatment. In this scoping review, we explored the current literature for the relationship between COVID-19 infection and new-onset diabetes mellitus four weeks after acute infection. We systematically searched the peer-reviewed literature published in English between 1 January 2020 and 31 August 2022 to study the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus post-COVID-19 infection. This scoping review yielded 11 articles based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Except for one, all studies suggested an increased risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus 4 weeks after acute infection. This risk appears most in the first six months after the acute COVID-19 infection and seems to increase in a graded fashion based on the severity of the initial COVID-19 infection. Our review suggests a possible association of new-onset diabetes mellitus 4 weeks after acute COVID-19 infection. Since the severity of COVID-19 infection is associated with the development of post-infectious diabetes, vaccination that reduces the severity of acute COVID-19 infection might help to reduce the risk of post-COVID-19 diabetes mellitus. More studies are needed to better understand and quantify the association of post-COVID-19 conditions with diabetes and the role of vaccination in influencing it.

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“…There is robust evidence suggesting that coronavirus is associated with a new diagnosis of diabetes, particularly in specific subgroups [23,[54][55][56][57][58][59][60] . Some authors reported an increase in new-onset diabetes (types 1 and 2) in the acute and post-acute Covid-19 disease, supporting a robust bidirectional relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and diabetes [46,47,[61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69] .…”

Section: Long Covid-19 As a Risk Factor For Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors reported an increase in new-onset diabetes (types 1 and 2) in the acute and post-acute Covid-19 disease, supporting a robust bidirectional relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and diabetes [46,47,[61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69] . In a meta-analysis of eight studies with more than 3,700 patients, Sathish et al demonstrated a pooled proportion of 14.4% for newly diagnosed diabetes in hospitalized patients for Covid-19 [56] .…”

Section: Long Covid-19 As a Risk Factor For Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Almost ten years before the Covid-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV was demonstrated to induce beta cell damage and insulin-dependent diabetes through ACE-2 receptor binding [96] . The transmembrane serine protease protein is needed to enter SARS-CoV-2 in human betacells [97] ; once entered, the virus infects and replicates, resulting in impaired production and secretion of insulin [56] . Beta cells also express high levels of neuropilin-1 receptor critical for viral entry, causing cell death and reduced insulin secretion [91,98] .…”

Section: Possible Pathophysiological Mechanisms Of Post-covid-19 Diab...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: a short review

Kreutzenberg¹

2023

Metab Target Organ Damage

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The persistence of Covid-19 infection for more than four weeks after the acute phase is defined as the long Covid-19 syndrome. This condition, otherwise defined by the persistence of signs and symptoms for more than 12 weeks, shares several features with diabetes mellitus: diabetes mellitus and Covid-19 infections have a pandemic dimension, are characterized by an inflammatory milieu, and show a bidirectional relationship. Diabetic patients appear more likely to develop long Covid-19 syndrome than non-diabetic individuals. The chronicity of Covid-19 favors the development of new cases of diabetes. In this short review, we discuss the evidence supporting the link between Covid-19 and diabetes mellitus, focusing on the epidemiological and pathophysiological aspects of this dangerous relationship.

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The Long-Term Effect of COVID-19 Disease Severity on Risk of Diabetes Incidence and the Near 1-Year Follow-Up Outcomes among Postdischarge Patients in Wuhan

Cited by 16 publications

References 43 publications

Comparison of Long COVID-19 Caused by Different SARS-CoV-2 Strains: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Comparison of Long COVID-19 Caused by Different SARS-CoV-2 Strains: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Risk of New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus as a Post-COVID-19 Condition and Possible Mechanisms: A Scoping Review

Long COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: a short review

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