The Low-Dimensional Three-Dimensional Tin Halide Perovskite: Film Characterization and Device Performance

Abstract

Halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered as one of the most promising candidates for the next generation solar cells as their power conversion efficiency (PCE) has rapidly increased up to 25.2%. However, the most efficient halide perovskite materials all contain toxic lead. Replacing the lead cation with environmentally friendly tin (Sn) is proposed as an important alternative. Today, the inferior performance of Sn-based PSCs mainly due to two challenging issues, namely the facile oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ and the low formation energies of Sn vacancies. Two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskite, in which the large sized organic cations confine the corner sharing BX6 octahedra, exhibits higher formation energy than that of three-dimensional (3D) structure halide perovskite. The approach of mixing a small amount of 2D into 3D Sn-based perovskites was demonstrated as an efficient method to produce high performance perovskite films. In this review, we first provide an overview of key points for making high performance PSCs. Then we give an introduction to the physical parameters of 3D ASnX3 (MA+, FA+, and Cs+) perovskite and a photovoltaic device based on them, followed by an overview of 2D/3D halide perovskites based on ASnX3 (MA+ and FA+) and their optoelectronic applications. The current challenges and a future outlook of Sn-based PSCs are discussed in the end. This review will give readers a better understanding of the 2D/3D Sn-based PSCs.

Genetic Manipulation of M13 Bacteriophage for Enhancing the Efficiency of Virus‐Inoculated Perovskite Solar Cells with a Certified Efficiency of 22.3%

“…From the slope, σ was evaluated to be 6.4 × 10 −2 S cm −1 for the devices with no added virus and 7.0 × 10 −2 S cm −1 for the genetically modified virus‐added PSCs, which are similar to the values in literature. [ 79,80 ] Such enhancements in hole conductivity are conjectured to be related to the passivation of the trapped charge in perovskite bulk rather than the surface as all of the devices were passivated by the OAI treatment. The improved charge transfer mediated by the addition of the virus was characterized by photoluminescence (PL) and time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurement using a time‐correlated single‐photon counting instrument (TCSPC) (Figure S21, Supporting Information).…”

A review of experimental and computational attempts to remedy stability issues of perovskite solar cells

“…Besides, we discuss some recent progress to resolve the stability challenges that affect perovskites device performance. [8,9].…”

Interfacial engineering in lead-free tin-based perovskite solar cells

“…Low-dimensional perovskites introduce long organic chains with hydrophobicity into the perovskite layer structure, which can prevent the penetration of water and oxygen. Therefore, 2D and 2D/3D mixed perovskite structures often show brilliant ambient stability and have been attracting a lot of interests [144].…”