The Lyon Clinical Olfactory Test: Validation and Measurement of Hyposmia and Anosmia in Healthy and Diseased Populations

Rouby, Catherine; Thomas‐Danguin, Thierry; Vigouroux, Michel; Ciuperca, Gabriela; Jiang, Tao; Alexanian, Jérôme; Bargès, Mathieu; Gallice, Isabelle; Degraix, Jean-Louis; Sicard, Gilles

doi:10.1155/2011/203805

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…However, in our study, we found no difference in terms of odour detection and identification between PD patients with and without OHs, suggesting that anosmia and hyposmia may provide only a partial explanation for OHs in PD, similar to the Charles Bonnet syndrome 14. Combined measures with standardised tools previously validated for Parkinsonian patients should have been used to complete the evaluation 15. Indeed, OH could be confused with parosmia which is a distorted sensation in the presence of an olfactory stimulus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Prevalence and phenomenology of olfactory hallucinations in Parkinson's disease: Table 1

Bannier¹,

Berdagué²,

Rieu³

et al. 2012

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry

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In conclusion, OHs should be added to the list of non-motor PD symptoms that can occur early or late in the course of PD. The authors' study did not reveal any significant difference in terms of olfactory abilities between patients with or without OHs. However, olfactory impairment is well documented in Parkinsonian patients and cannot be totally ruled out as a risk factor for OHs. The authors recognise that complex mechanisms are probably involved in this phenomenon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Prevalence and phenomenology of olfactory hallucinations in Parkinson's disease: Table 1

Bannier¹,

Berdagué²,

Rieu³

et al. 2012

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry

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“…odor detection, odor discrimination, odor memory, and odor identification (with or without a language component). Olfactory dysfunction develops with normal aging ( Boyce, 2006 ; Landis et al, 2004 ; Rouby et al, 2011 ), and 6–16% of presumed healthy elderly are affected ( Rouby et al, 2011 ). In neurodegenerative diseases, the percentage of people exhibiting olfactory deficits frequently exceeds 90%, depending on the disease ( Godoy et al, 2015 ; Hawkes, 2003 ; Kim, 2014 ).…”

Section: Olfactory Dysfunction Is Common In Many Neurodegenerativementioning

confidence: 99%

The olfactory bulb as the entry site for prion-like propagation in neurodegenerative diseases

Rey

Wesson

Brundin

2018

Neurobiology of Disease

212

181

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Olfactory deficits are present in numerous neurodegenerative disorders and are accompanied by pathology in related brain regions. In several of these disorders, olfactory disturbances appear early and are considered as prodromal symptoms of the disease. In addition, pathological protein aggregates affect olfactory regions prior to other regions, suggesting that the olfactory system might be particularly vulnerable to neurodegenerative diseases. Exposed to the external environment, the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb allow pathogen and toxin penetration into the brain, a process that has been proposed to play a role in neurodegenerative diseases. Determining whether the olfactory bulb could be a starting point of pathology and of pathology spread is crucial to understanding how neurodegenerative diseases evolve. We argue that pathological changes following environmental insults contribute to the initiation of protein aggregation in the olfactory bulb, which then triggers the spread of the pathology within the brain by a templating mechanism in a prion-like manner.We review the evidence for the early involvement of olfactory structures in neurodegenerative diseases and the relationship between neuropathology and olfactory function. We discuss the vulnerability and putative underlying mechanisms by which pathology could be initiated in the olfactory bulb, from the entry of pathogens (promoted by increased permeability of the olfactory epithelium with aging or inflammation) to the sensitivity of the olfactory system to oxidative stress and inflammation. Finally, we review changes in protein expression and neural excitability triggered by pathogenic proteins that can promote pathogenesis in the olfactory bulb and beyond.

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“…Olfactory dysfunction in the elderly develops with normal aging [1,2], and 6-16% of presumed healthy elderly are affected [3]. A population-based study of elders reported a prevalence of impaired olfaction of 24.5% with the prevalence increasing with age to 62.5% in 80-97 year-olds [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neocortical Lewy bodies are associated with impaired odor identification in community-dwelling elders without clinical PD

Nag

VanderHorst

et al. 2019

J Neurol

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Background-The association of Lewy bodies (LBs) with olfactory dysfunction was investigated in community-dwelling elders without clinical Parkinson's disease (PD) using the 12item Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT), a standard measure of odor identification. Methods-280 participants in the Rush Memory and Aging Project completed the BSIT annually. Lewy bodies were detected in 13 brain regions by immunohistochemistry and assigned to the Braak PD stages 1 to 6. Results-Of the 280 participants, 101 (36.1 %) had LBs which were maximal in the olfactory bulb and tract (85.1%) and least in Heschl's cortex (21.8%). Due to the small number of cases in Braak PD stages 2, 3 and 5, the distribution of LBs in the 6 Braak PD stages was contracted into 3 main LB stages: 1) LBs in olfactory bulbs and dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, 2) further extension

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The Lyon Clinical Olfactory Test: Validation and Measurement of Hyposmia and Anosmia in Healthy and Diseased Populations

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

Prevalence and phenomenology of olfactory hallucinations in Parkinson's disease: Table 1

Prevalence and phenomenology of olfactory hallucinations in Parkinson's disease: Table 1

The olfactory bulb as the entry site for prion-like propagation in neurodegenerative diseases

Neocortical Lewy bodies are associated with impaired odor identification in community-dwelling elders without clinical PD

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