The Macronutrient Composition of Infant Formula Produces Differences in Gut Microbiota Maturation That Associate with Weight Gain Velocity and Weight Status

Mennella, Julie A.; Li, Yun; Bittinger, Kyle; Friedman, Elliot S.; Zhao, Chunyu; Li, Hongzhe; Wu, Gary D.; Trabulsi, Jillian

doi:10.3390/nu14061241

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…These data suggest that R. gnavus could play a role in priming the gut microbiota in association with normative weight gain velocity and weight status in infants (Mennella et al 2022 ). This is supported by an earlier study revealing that R. gnavus was one of the 24 ‘age-discriminatory’ taxa whose changes in relative abundance over time defined normal ‘maturation’ of the microbiota of infants and children in Bangladesh (Subramanian et al 2014 ).…”

Section: Microbial Ecology Of R Gnavus In the Huma...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another proof-of-principle randomized controlled trial (RCT), the faecal microbiota of infants fed cows’ milk formula (CMF) containing lactose were compared with those fed an isocaloric extensive protein hydrolysate formula (EHF) used for infants who are intolerant to cows’ milk proteins. R. gnavus exhibited the greatest increase in abundance over time in the EHF group and was the most prominent signature distinguishing the microbiome of EHF – from CMF-fed infants (Mennella et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Microbial Ecology Of R Gnavus In the Huma...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ruminococcus gnavus: friend or foe for human health

Crost

Coletto

Bell

et al. 2023

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

102

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Ruminococcus gnavus was first identified in 1974 as a strict anaerobe in the gut of healthy individuals, and for several decades, its study has been limited to specific enzymes or bacteriocins. With the advent of metagenomics, R. gnavus has been associated both positively and negatively with an increasing number of intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases from inflammatory bowel diseases to neurological disorders. This prompted renewed interest in understanding the adaptation mechanisms of R. gnavus to the gut, and the molecular mediators affecting its association with health and disease. From ca. 250 publications citing R. gnavus since 1990, 94% were published in the last 10 years. In this review, we describe the biological characterisation of R. gnavus, its occurrence in the infant and adult gut microbiota and the factors influencing its colonisation of the gastrointestinal tract; we also discuss the current state of our knowledge on its role in host health and disease. We highlight gaps in knowledge and discuss the hypothesis that differential health outcomes associated with R. gnavus in the gut are strain and niche specific.

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Section: Microbial Ecology Of R Gnavus In the Huma...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microbial Ecology Of R Gnavus In the Huma...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruminococcus gnavus: friend or foe for human health

Crost

Coletto

Bell

et al. 2023

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similarly, the protein content of infant formula may also influence the infant gut microbiome [ 38 ]. High protein intake during early infancy has been suggested to alter the composition and function of the gut microbiota [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Nutrient Composition of Lactose-Reduced Infant Formula

Mokhtari,

Schmidt,

Babaei

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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This research comprehensively examines 88 infant formulas available in the US market, with an emphasis on their diverging nutritional attributes based on lactose content. We stratified formulas into three categories: lactose-free, lactose-reduced, and entirely lactose-based. The formulas’ nutritional content for 58 nutrients was obtained from the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR). Nutritional analysis revealed significant differences in nutrient composition across formula categories. For example, the results showed significant associations between the lactose content and glycemic index (GI) of the formula as well as 25 other nutrients. Specifically, we showed that for every gram of lactose per 100 g of formula that is removed, there was a 10.1% increase in GI (β = −10.12, p ≤ 0.000), a 19%,5%, and a 2% increase in added sugar (β = −0.19, p < 0.01), protein (β = −0.05, p < 0.001), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (β = −0.01, p < 0.01). The substitution of lactose in infant formulas significantly alters their nutritional profile, inducing changes in GI, added sugar, protein, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. These modifications have potential consequences for infant growth and metabolic responses and could influence long-term health trajectories. The clinical relevance of the composition differences between formulas should be further explored.

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“…The USDA also does not track “corn syrup solid” consumption trends. Corn syrup solids and vegetable oils are the primary ingredients in many baby formula food products[ 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Sources Of Heavy Metal Exposures In the United States Food S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher rates of autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in American children: Are food quality issues impacting epigenetic inheritance?

Dufault¹,

Crider²,

Deth³

et al. 2023

World J Clin Pediatr

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In the United States, schools offer special education services to children who are diagnosed with a learning or neurodevelopmental disorder and have difficulty meeting their learning goals. Pediatricians may play a key role in helping children access special education services. The number of children ages 6-21 in the United States receiving special education services increased 10.4% from 2006 to 2021. Children receiving special education services under the autism category increased 242% during the same period. The demand for special education services for children under the developmental delay and other health impaired categories increased by 184% and 83% respectively. Although student enrollment in American schools has remained stable since 2006, the percentage distribution of children receiving special education services nearly tripled for the autism category and quadrupled for the developmental delay category by 2021. Allowable heavy metal residues remain persistent in the American food supply due to food ingredient manufacturing processes. Numerous clinical trial data indicate heavy metal exposures and poor diet are the primary epigenetic factors responsible for the autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder epidemics. Dietary heavy metal exposures, especially inorganic mercury and lead may impact gene behavior across generations. In 2021, the United States Congress found heavy metal residues problematic in the American food supply but took no legislative action. Mandatory health warning labels on select foods may be the only way to reduce dietary heavy metal exposures and improve child learning across generations.

show abstract

The Macronutrient Composition of Infant Formula Produces Differences in Gut Microbiota Maturation That Associate with Weight Gain Velocity and Weight Status

Cited by 11 publications

References 79 publications

Ruminococcus gnavus: friend or foe for human health

Ruminococcus gnavus: friend or foe for human health

Altered Nutrient Composition of Lactose-Reduced Infant Formula

Higher rates of autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in American children: Are food quality issues impacting epigenetic inheritance?

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