The magnitude and risk factors of intestinal parasitic infection in relation to Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection and immune status, at ALERT Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Taye, Biruhalem; Desta, Kassu; Ejigu, Selamawit; Dori, Geme Urge

doi:10.1016/j.parint.2014.02.002

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In contrast, others showed no significant difference in prevalence of helminthic infections between HIV positive patients and HIV negative controls [85, 86]. While others showed low prevalence of helminthic infections among HIV positive patients compared to HIV negative controls [87–89]. A number of studies have also shown that the patterns of individual helminthic parasites may differ among HIV positive and HIV negative patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and distribution patterns of opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS in Uganda

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundWe conducted a study to assess the frequency and distribution patterns of selected opportunistic infections (OIs) and opportunistic cancers (OCs) in different geographical areas before and after HAART in Uganda.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional serial review of observation data for adult HIV positive patients (≥15 years) enrolled with the AIDS support organization (TASO) in Uganda covering the period from January 2001 to December 2013. Both AIDS defining OIs/OCs and non-AIDS defining OIs were analyzed. The study period was structured into three time periods: “pre- HAART” (2001–2003), “early-HAART” (2004–2008) and “late-HAART” (2009–2013). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data by time period, age, gender and geographical location. Chi squared test used to test the significance of the differences in proportions.ResultsA total of 108,619 HIV positive patients were included in the analysis. 64% (64,240) were female with median age of 33 years (IQR 27–40). The most frequent OIs before HAART were oral candida (34.6%) diarrhoeal infection (<1 month) (30.6%), geohelminths (26.5%), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) (17.7%), malaria (15.1%) and bacterial pneumonia (11.2%). In early HAART (2004–2008), the most frequent OIs were geohelminths (32.4%), diarrhoeal infection (25.6%), TB (18.2%) and oral candida (18.1%). In late HAART (2009–2013), the most frequent OIs were geohelminths (23.5%) and diarrhoeal infection (14.3%). By gender, prevalence was consistently higher in women (p < 0.05) before and after HAART for geohelminths, candidiasis, diarrhoeal infection, bacterial pneumonia and genital ulcer disease but consistently higher in men for TB and Kaposi’s sarcoma (p < 0.05). By age, prevalence was consistently higher in older age groups (>30 years) before and after HAART for oral candida and TB (p < 0.05) and higher in young age groups (<30 years) for malaria and genital ulcers (p < 0.05). By geographical location, prevalence was consistently higher in Eastern and Northern Uganda before and after HAART for diarrheal infection and geohelminths (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe frequency and pattern of OIs before and after HAART differs by gender, age and geographical location. Prevalence of geohelminths and diarrhea infection(<1 month) remains high especially in Northern and Eastern Uganda even after HAART and should therefore be given special attention in HIV/AIDS care programmes in these settings.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and distribution patterns of opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS in Uganda

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, co-infections are largely driven by environmental factors (Lisam and Lisam 2009, Greenland et al 2013, Taye et al 2014) -emphasising the dominance of the virus-environment dynamics during the Asymptomatic period. However, treating co-infections has the effect of increasing the body's immune response to the virus, thus reducing the viral load (Modjarrad et al 2010)which takes us back to the virus-human dynamic.…”

Section: Pattern Management Of the Virus-human-environment Dynamics Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the overall HIV-burden in South Africa: is ‘reviving ABC’ an appropriate fit for a complex, adaptive epidemiological HIV landscape?

Burman

Aphane

Delobelle

2015

African Journal of AIDS Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article questions the recommendations to 'revive ABC (abstain, be faithful, condomise)' as a mechanism to 'educate' people in South Africa about HIV prevention as the South African National HIV Prevalence, Incidence and Behaviour Survey, 2012, suggests. We argue that ABC was designed as a response to a particular context which has now radically changed. In South Africa the contemporary context reflects the mass roll-out of antiretroviral treatment; significant bio-medical knowledge gains; a generalised population affected by HIV that has made sense of and embodied those diverse experiences; and a government committed to confronting the epidemic. We suggest that the situation can now be plausibly conceptualised as a complex, adaptive epidemiological landscape that could benefit from an expansion of the existing, 'descriptive' prevention paradigm towards strategies that focus on the dynamics of transmission. We argue for this shift by proposing a theoretical framework based on complexity theory and pattern management. We interrogate one educational prevention heuristic that emphasises the importance of risk-reduction through the lens of transmission, called A-3B-4C-T. We argue that this type of approach provides expansive opportunities for people to engage with the epidemic in contextualised, innovative ways that supersede the opportunities afforded by ABC. We then suggest that framing the prevention imperative through the lens of 'dynamic prevention' at scale opens more immediate opportunities, as well as developing a future-oriented mind-set, than the 'descriptive prevention' parameters can facilitate. The parameters of the 'descriptive prevention' paradigm, that maintain - and partially reinforce - the presence of ABC, do not have the flexibility required to develop the armamentarium of tools required to contribute to the management of a complex epidemiological landscape. Uncritically adhering to both the 'descriptive paradigm', and ABC, represents an historically dislocated form of prevention - with restrictive options for reducing the overall burden of HIV-related challenges in South Africa.

show abstract

“…One of the particularities of human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV) infection in the tropics is its frequent association with parasitic diseases so frequent in this area [1][2][3][4][5]. This association is especially characterized by the emergence of opportunistic parasites, Coccidia (Cryptosporidium parvum, the era of combination antiretroviral therapy and preventive treatment in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunistic and other intestinal parasites infections among HIVpositive patients in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy and preventive treatment in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Yacouba

2017

J HIV Clin Sci Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: One of the particularities of human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV) infection in the tropics is its frequent association with parasitic diseases so frequent in this area. Aim: The aim of this study was to update the epidemiological and clinical profi le of intestinal parasites among HIV-positive patients in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) and preventive treatment in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a single health care system, Yalgado Ouédraogo University hospital, between January 2013 and December 2014. A total of 131 HIVinfected patients were included in the study. Blood and Stool samples were collected for CD4 counts and for intestinal parasitic examination using direct, formol-ether concentration, a concentration method using sodium chloride solution, modifi ed Ziehl-Neelsen and Weber modifi ed trichrome. Odds ratio was calculated to estimate the risk attributable to different factors with confi dence intervals. Chi-square (X 2) or Fisher's Exact Test statistical analysis was used to test level of signifi cance at p<0.05 using SPSS 20.0.0. Results: A prevalence of 73.3% of intestinal parasites was recorded. Most of the parasitic infections were protozoa (97.9%) with few helminths (2.1%). Cryptosporidium spp. (29.2%), was the most commonly found parasite followed by Entamoeba coli (23.9%) and Isospora belli (21.9%). There were 76 cases (78.5%) of single infection and 20 cases (21.5%) of mixed infection. Paradoxically, patients who use preventive treatment were more infected with opportunistic parasites (p= 0.05, OR=2.16, 95% CI= 1.06-4.40). In multivariate analysis, patients with diarrhea (OR=4.04, 95% CI=1.94-8.41), and illiterate (OR=3.70, 95% CI=1.68-8.14) had higher risk of opportunistic parasites. The diarrheic patients were 0.29 times more likely to be infected with opportunistic parasites. Conclusion: Despite the advent of combination ART and preventive treatment of opportunistic infections, intestinal parasites remain very prevalent and associated with diarrhea among patients with HIV in Ouagadougou.

show abstract

The magnitude and risk factors of intestinal parasitic infection in relation to Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection and immune status, at ALERT Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Cited by 28 publications

References 33 publications

Frequency and distribution patterns of opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS in Uganda

Frequency and distribution patterns of opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS in Uganda

Reducing the overall HIV-burden in South Africa: is ‘reviving ABC’ an appropriate fit for a complex, adaptive epidemiological HIV landscape?

Opportunistic and other intestinal parasites infections among HIVpositive patients in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy and preventive treatment in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About