The Main Physiological Mechanisms of Cold Adaptation in Humans

Saltykova, M. M.

doi:10.1007/s11055-018-0597-1

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Recent work has found evidence that mild cold exposure may moderately improve metabolic health [9]. In general, humans exhibit a wide range of adaptive physiological responses to cold [10] and emerging evidence suggests that cold adaptation could lead to a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The associations between thermal variety and health: Implications for space heating energy use

et al. 2020

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Fossil fuels dominate domestic heating in temperate climates. In the EU, domestic space heating accounts for around 20% of final energy demand. Reducing domestic demand temperatures would reduce energy demand. However, cold exposure has been shown to be associated with adverse health conditions. Using an observational dataset of 77,762 UK Biobank participants, we examine the standard deviation of experienced temperature (named here thermal variety) measured by a wrist worn activity and temperature monitor. After controlling for covariates such as age, activity level and obesity, we show that thermal variety is 0.15˚C 95% CI [0.07-0.23] higher for participants whose health satisfaction was 'extremely happy' compared to 'extremely unhappy'. Higher thermal variety is also associated with a lower risk of having morbidities related to excess winter deaths. We argue that significant CO 2 savings would be made by increasing thermal variety and reducing domestic demand temperatures in the healthiest homes. However, great care is needed to avoid secondary health impacts due to mould and damp. Vulnerable households should receive increased attention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The associations between thermal variety and health: Implications for space heating energy use

et al. 2020

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“…Зміна співвідношення клітинних і тканинних структур, що спостерігається під час пристосувальних реакцій організму, збільшує ефективність ресинтезу АТФ, зменшує витрати кисню, попереджає виникнення дефіциту АТФ і його шкідливої дії під час навантаження. У результаті досягається економне витрачання енергетичних і структурних ресурсів [10].…”

Section: вступunclassified

“…Ймовірно, зворотний розвиток і зниження ступеня гіпертрофії міокарда пов'язані з економічністю функціонування симпато-адреналової та серцево-судинної систем. Підвищується потужність системи окисного ресинтезу АТФ завдяки зростанню кількості мітохондрій і поверхні мітохондріальних мембран, тобто значно посилюється потужність системи енергозабезпечення скорочувальної функції серця [10].…”

Section: результати обговоренняunclassified

Morphology of the heart during the period of progressive growth in conditions of prolonged exposure to low temperatures

Logvinenko,

Tykholaz,

Bashynska

et al. 2023

Rep. of Vinnytsia Nation. Med. Univ.

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Annotation. The aim of the research is to study the cardiac morphology during the period of growth under prolonged exposure to low temperatures. The main group consisted of outbred white rats (260 males and 190 females) undergoing active development, aged 4 weeks at the beginning of the experiment, and was kept in a room with an air temperature of +4±1 °C. The control group of animals was kept in a room with an air temperature of +20±10 °C. The experiment lasted for sixteen weeks. Research methods: macromorphometric study of the heart, histological study of paraffin sections, and ultrastructural study. Micromorphometric study was performed on semi-thin sections stained with 0.1% solution of toluidine blue at an ocular magnification of 10 and objective of 90, using a multi-purpose test system of short segments (Weibel grid) and an automatic analyzer of microscopic images “Integral-2MT”. PAS stain by A.L.Shabadash was used to detect glycogen, and the number of glycogen granules per unit area was counted on electronograms at a magnification of 20000 using a 1 cm2 area square. The stereological study of the electronograms was carried out at a magnification of 8000 using a Weibel grid. The statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the SPSS statistical program package, STATISTICA v. 10.0. It was found that the adaptation of the myocardium to the cold occurs according to the universal mechanism of adaptation to various extreme conditions associated with a deficit of energy metabolism. Therefore, the effect of cold can be regarded as non-specific. Based on the conducted research, the following stages of the adaptation process are defined: 1) short-term stress reaction (first 5 days); 2) myocardial hypertrophy (from 2nd to 6th weeks); 3) long-term, stable adaptation (more than 6 weeks). Morphological criteria for myocardial adaptation to long-term cold exposure have been identified: 1) physiological hypertrophy of the myocardium, mainly of the right ventricle; 2) the energy reserve of cardiomyocytes in the form of mitochondrial hyperplasia and glycogen accumulation. We plan to study the microcirculatory bed of the myocardium during the adaptation of the body to prolonged action of low temperature in the future.

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“…A closer examination of the functions across the 32 ancient Eurasian driver genes, the 49 candidate selected genes in modern Arctic human populations 28 , and the 54 archaic hominin AI loci revealed a number of layers of concordant biological connectivity, including multiple biological processes known to be involved in human cold adaptation 29 (Supplementary Information 3). For instance, three ancient Eurasian driver genes play roles in fat metabolism (Fig.…”

Section: Sustained Adaptation To Cold Eurasian Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and climatic factors in the dispersal of Anatomically Modern Humans Out of Africa

Tobler

Souilmi

Bean

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The evolutionarily recent dispersal of Anatomically Modern Humans (AMH) out of Africa and across Eurasia provides an opportunity to study rapid genetic adaptation to multiple new environments. Genomic analyses of modern human populations have detected limited signals of strong selection such as hard sweeps, but genetic admixture between populations is capable of obscuring these patterns and is well known in recent human history, such as during the Bronze Age4. Here we show that ancient human genomic datasets contain multiple genetic signatures of strong selection including 57 hard sweeps, many with strong associations with cold adaptation. Similar genetic signatures of adaptation are also observed in adaptively-introgressed archaic hominin loci, as well as modern Arctic human groups. Consistent targets include the regulation of fat storage, skin physiology, cilia function and neural development; with multiple associations to modern western diseases. The spatiotemporal patterns of the hard sweeps allow reconstruction of early AMH population dispersals, and reveal a prolonged period of genetic adaptation (~80-50,000 years) following their initial out of Africa movement, before a rapid spread across Eurasia reaching as far as Australia.

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The Main Physiological Mechanisms of Cold Adaptation in Humans

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

The associations between thermal variety and health: Implications for space heating energy use

The associations between thermal variety and health: Implications for space heating energy use

Morphology of the heart during the period of progressive growth in conditions of prolonged exposure to low temperatures

Genetic and climatic factors in the dispersal of Anatomically Modern Humans Out of Africa

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