The Major Causes of Death in Children and Adolescents in the United States

Cunningham, Rebecca M.; Walton, Maureen A.; Carter, Patrick M.

doi:10.1056/nejmsr1804754

Cited by 569 publications

(430 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This is important because it suggests that adolescent ED patients who present with the latter problems should be evaluated for the former and vice versa. For example, ED visits for depression and suicidality are rising in the United States . We found that adolescents females who suffer from depression and poor mental health were more often having sex without contraceptives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Sex Without Contraceptives in a Multicenter Study of Adolescent Emergency Department Patients

Chernick

Chun

Richards

et al. 2019

Academic Emergency Medicine

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Objectives: In the United States, rates of teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain exceptionally high, and racial and ethnic disparities persist. Emergency departments (EDs) care for over 19 million adolescents each year, the majority being minority and low socioeconomic status. Single-center studies demonstrate infrequent use of contraceptives among adolescent ED patients and an association between risky sex and behaviors such as alcohol and drug use; however, no multicenter ED data exist. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine the prevalence of sex without contraceptives in a large multicenter adolescent ED study and 2) assess patient demographic and risky behaviors associated with sex without contraceptives.Methods: Participants aged 14 to 17 years (n = 3,247) in 16 pediatric EDs across the United States completed an electronic survey. Questions focused on validated measures of risky sex; use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and other drugs; and depression and violence. In this secondary analysis, we constructed univariable and multivariable models to identify demographic and behavioral factors associated with sex without contraceptives (our primary outcome), separately for adolescent males and females.Results: In the prior year, 17.4% (236/1,356) of males and 15.8% (299/1,891) of females had sex without contraceptives. In the multivariable model, sex without contraceptives for both genders was more likely among teens From the

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Sex Without Contraceptives in a Multicenter Study of Adolescent Emergency Department Patients

Chernick

Chun

Richards

et al. 2019

Academic Emergency Medicine

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“…Recent estimates suggest that a child under the age of 14 sustains a traumatic brain injury (TBI) every 60 s in the United States (1). While TBI-related deaths in children have substantially decreased over the past decade, TBI remains the leading cause of death among children and adolescents (2). Of the survivors, ∼62% of children who sustained moderate-to-severe injuries, and 14% of those with milder injuries suffer from long-term disability (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Neuroimaging in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Current State and Consideration of Factors That Influence Recovery

et al. 2019

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability for children and adolescents in the U.S. and other developed and developing countries. Injury to the immature brain varies greatly from that of the mature, adult brain due to numerous developmental, pre-injury, and injury-related factors that work together to influence the trajectory of recovery during the course of typical brain development. Substantial damage to brain structure often underlies subsequent functional limitations that persist for years following pediatric TBI. Advances in neuroimaging have established an important role in the acute management of pediatric TBI, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have a particular relevance for the sequential assessment of long-term consequences from injuries sustained to the developing brain. The present paper will discuss the various factors that influence recovery and review the findings from the present neuroimaging literature to assess altered development and long-term outcome following pediatric TBI. Four MR-based neuroimaging modalities have been used to examine recovery from pediatric TBI longitudinally: (1) T 1 -weighted structural MRI is sensitive to morphological changes in gray matter volume and cortical thickness, (2) diffusion-weighted MRI is sensitive to changes in the microstructural integrity of white matter, (3) MR spectroscopy provides a sensitive assessment of metabolic and neurochemical alterations in the brain, and (4) functional MRI provides insight into the functional changes that occur as a result of structural damage and typical developmental processes. As reviewed in this paper, 13 cohorts have contributed to only 20 studies published to date using neuroimaging to examine longitudinal changes after TBI in pediatric patients. The results of these studies demonstrate considerable heterogeneity in post-injury outcome; however, the existing literature consistently shows that alterations in brain structure, function, and metabolism can persist for an extended period of time post-injury. With larger sample sizes and multi-site cooperation, future studies will be able to further examine potential moderators of outcome, such as the developmental, pre-injury, and injury-related factors discussed in the present review.

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“…1 In contrast, over 4000 children a year die in the USA each year from guns, more than from cancer. 2,3 Firearms are the second commonest cause of childhood death in the USA after motor vehicle injury. 2 A US paper suggests that strict gun laws are a major factor in reducing gun-related child deaths.…”

Section: Gun Laws Save Children's Livesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3 Firearms are the second commonest cause of childhood death in the USA after motor vehicle injury. 2 A US paper suggests that strict gun laws are a major factor in reducing gun-related child deaths. 3 The paper compared paediatric firearm-related mortality over 5 years (2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015) with the strictness of gun laws in different states and found a linear relationship ( Fig.…”

Section: Gun Laws Save Children's Livesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhinovirus C infection, bronchiolitis and recurrent wheeze

2019

J Paediatrics Child Health

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The Major Causes of Death in Children and Adolescents in the United States

Cited by 569 publications

References 35 publications

Sex Without Contraceptives in a Multicenter Study of Adolescent Emergency Department Patients

Sex Without Contraceptives in a Multicenter Study of Adolescent Emergency Department Patients

Longitudinal Neuroimaging in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Current State and Consideration of Factors That Influence Recovery

Rhinovirus C infection, bronchiolitis and recurrent wheeze

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