The Mammary Microenvironment in Mastitis in Humans, Dairy Ruminants, Rabbits and Rodents: A One Health Focus

Hughes, Katherine; Watson, Christine J.

doi:10.1007/s10911-018-9395-1

Cited by 61 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 131 publications

(178 reference statements)

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“…Mammary gland involution in the dairy cow frequently differs from murine models in that cows in dairy production systems are likely to be in the final trimester of pregnancy during the period of mammary gland involution (termed the dry period) [ 53 ], and thus may exhibit what we have described as a ‘parallel pregnancy signature’ [ 54 ]. Bovine mammary involution is considered to encompass both a phase of cell death, but also an important period of epithelial cell renewal prior to the next lactation [ 55 , 56 , 57 ].…”

Section: Stat3 In Mammary Gland Involutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multifaceted Role of STAT3 in Mammary Gland Involution and Breast Cancer

Hughes

Watson

2018

IJMS

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Since seminal descriptions of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as a signal transducer and transcriptional regulator, which is most usually activated by phosphorylation of a specific tyrosine residue, a staggering wealth of research has delineated the key role of this transcription factor as a mediator of mammary gland postlactational regression (involution), and paradoxically, a pro-survival factor in breast cancer and some breast cancer cell lines. STAT3 is a critical regulator of lysosomal-mediated programmed cell death (LM-PCD) during mammary gland involution, where uptake of milk fat globules, and consequent high levels of free fatty acids, cause permeabilisation of lysosomal vesicle membranes, in turn leading to cathepsin protease leakage and cell death. A recent proteomic screen of STAT3-induced changes in lysosomal membrane protein components has highlighted wide-ranging effects of STAT3, which may coordinate LM-PCD via the stimulation of endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, and lysosome biogenesis. In parallel, STAT3 regulates the acute phase response during the first phase of involution, and it contributes to shaping the pro-tumourigenic ‘wound healing’ signature of the gland during the second phase of this process. STAT3 activation during involution is important across species, although some differences exist in the progression of involution in dairy cows. In breast cancer, a number of upstream regulators can lead to STAT3 activation and the effects of phosphorylation of STAT3 are equally wide-ranging. Recent studies have implicated microRNAs in some regulatory pathways. In this review, we will examine the multifaceted role of STAT3 in mammary gland involution and tumourigenesis, incorporating a review of these fundamental processes in tandem with a discussion of recent developments in this field.

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Section: Stat3 In Mammary Gland Involutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multifaceted Role of STAT3 in Mammary Gland Involution and Breast Cancer

Hughes

Watson

2018

IJMS

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“…Failure to detect subclinical mastitis promptly allows the infection to spread rapidly (Halasa et al, 2007;Hughes and Watson, 2018). Increasing evidence in recent years suggests that M. bovis is a major cause of severe mastitis infections (Vahanikkila et al, 2019;Murai and Higuchi, 2019;Josi et al, 2018) and that M. bovis is more frequently detected than other pathogens in subclinical mastitis (Al-Farha et al, 2017;Fox 2012;Nicholas et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression Profiles of Inflammation-related MicroRNAs in Mycoplasma bovis Infected Milk of Holstein-Friesian and Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı Cows

Özdemir

2020

Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi

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Mycoplasma bovis is an important pathogen associated with several clinical diseases in cattle, such as mastitis, arthritis, and pneumonia. TableIn this study, we aimed to identify miRNA candidate biomarkers associated with inflammation in Mycoplasma bovis-infected milk samples and normal milk samples of Holstein-Friesian (HF) and Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı (DAK) cows in Turkey. The expression levels of miRNAs in milk from mastitis-infected cows and uninfected cows were analyzed using a qRT-PCR. The results revealed that miR-21, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-222, miR-383, miR-200a, miR-205, miR-122, and miR-182 were upregulated in mastitis milk. Among the miRNA candidate biomarkers, miR-21 and miR-222 were significantly upregulated only in mastitis milk samples from HF cows, and miR-146a and miR-383 were significantly upregulated only in mastitis milk samples from DAK cows. These results shed light on miRNA candidate biomarkers in milk from HF and DAK cows with subclinical mastitis. The upregulated miRNAs detected in the present study could be used as biomarkers in the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis caused by Mycoplasma bovis.

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“…The stromal compartment of the mammary microenvironment also includes fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells (Hughes & Watson, 2018a), constituents which are particularly important in the teat (Fig. 3).…”

Section: The Microenvironment Of Anatomically Complex Supernumerarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Size of supernumerary teats in sheep correlates with complexity of the anatomy and microenvironment

et al. 2020

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Supernumerary nipples or teats (polythelia) are congenital accessory structures that may develop at any location along the milk line and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of mastitis. We describe the anatomy and histology of 27 spontaneously occurring supernumerary teats from 16 sheep, delineating two groups of teats – simple and anatomically complex – according to the complexity of the anatomy and microenvironment. Anatomically complex supernumerary teats exhibited significantly increased length and barrel diameter compared with simple supernumerary teats. A teat canal and/or teat cistern was present in anatomically complex teats, with smooth muscle fibres forming a variably well‐organised encircling teat sphincter. Complex supernumerary teats also exhibited immune cell infiltrates similar to those of normal teats, including lymphoid follicle‐like structures at the folds of the teat cistern–teat canal junction, and macrophages that infiltrated the peri‐cisternal glandular tissue. One complex supernumerary teat exhibited teat end hyperkeratosis. These anatomical and histological features allow inference that supernumerary teats may be susceptible to bacterial ingress through the teat canal and we hypothesise that this may be more likely in those teats with less well‐organised encircling smooth muscle. The teat cistern of anatomically complex teats may also constitute a focus of milk accumulation and thus a possible nidus for bacterial infection, potentially predisposing to mastitis. We suggest that size of the supernumerary teat, and relationship to the main teats, particularly in the case of ‘cluster teats’, should be considerations if surgical removal is contemplated.

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The Mammary Microenvironment in Mastitis in Humans, Dairy Ruminants, Rabbits and Rodents: A One Health Focus

Cited by 61 publications

References 131 publications

The Multifaceted Role of STAT3 in Mammary Gland Involution and Breast Cancer

The Multifaceted Role of STAT3 in Mammary Gland Involution and Breast Cancer

Expression Profiles of Inflammation-related MicroRNAs in Mycoplasma bovis Infected Milk of Holstein-Friesian and Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı Cows

Size of supernumerary teats in sheep correlates with complexity of the anatomy and microenvironment

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