The management of traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis.

Levine, Alan M.; Edwards, Charles C.

doi:10.2106/00004623-198567020-00007

Cited by 447 publications

(305 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This case presentation represents a very unstable type 2 Levine C2 pedicle fracture 5,6 and based on my own experience of post-mortem studies of high level cervical spine injuries this patient has a very unstable cervical spine with total disruption of the longitudinal ligaments and disc, as well as posterior elements. This patient is an incomplete spinal cord injury, as she has motor sparing down to the C8 level and sensory sparing all of the way down to include the perianal dermatomes, which is a somewhat optimistic sign for potential recovery of neurological function.…”

Section: Hh Bohlmanmentioning

confidence: 89%

Traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis: analysis of management

et al. 1999

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Section: Hh Bohlmanmentioning

confidence: 89%

Traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis: analysis of management

et al. 1999

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“…These fractures are often classified by the system proposed by Effendi and modified by Levine and Edwards [34,35]. Type I fractures are the result of axial loading and hyperextension, with minimally displaced (<3 mm) fractures through both pars interarticularis and a competent C2-C3 disc.…”

Section: Spondylolisthesis Of the Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractures of the axis: a review of pediatric, adult, and geriatric injuries

Gornet

Kelly

2016

Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med

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Fractures of the second cervical vertebra (C2, axis) are common in adult spine surgery. Those fractures occurring in younger adult patients are often associated with highenergy mechanism trauma, resulting in a "Hangman's Fracture." Management of these fractures is often successful with nonoperative means, though surgery may be needed in those fractures with greater displacement and injury to the C2-C3 disc. Older patients are more likely to sustain fractures of the odontoid process. The evidence supporting surgical management of these fractures is evolving, as there may be a mortality benefit to surgery. Regardless of treatment, longerterm mortality rates are high in this patient population, which should be discussed with the patient and family at the time of injury. Pediatric patients may suffer fractures of the axis, though differentiation of normal and pathologic findings is necessary and more difficult with the skeletally immature spine.

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“…Combined injuries in the UCS can be made up of several unstable injuries, of one unstable and one or several stable injuries, or of only stable injuries. Injuries that usually require surgical treatment in the UCS are Anderson & D'Alonzo type II and some type III dens fractures [13], types II and III traumatic spondylolistheses of the axis according to Levine and Edwards [18], and transverse atlantal ligament injuries with an atlas-dens interval of more than 5 mm [21,28]. Injuries that may require surgical treatment in the LCS are disc and soft tissue disruption showing instability, bilateral or unilateral facet dislocation and fracture-dislocation, lateral mass separation fracture [20], comminuted burst fracture of the vertebral body and teardrop fractures [29].…”

Section: Surgical Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Injuries that may require surgical treatment in the LCS are disc and soft tissue disruption showing instability, bilateral or unilateral facet dislocation and fracture-dislocation, lateral mass separation fracture [20], comminuted burst fracture of the vertebral body and teardrop fractures [29]. Injuries that usually do not require surgical treatment in the UCS are anterior arch and posterior arch fracture of C1, burst "Jefferson" fracture in C1 with lateral displacement of less than 7 mm [19], type I and some type III dens fractures [2], and type I traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis [18]. In the LCS, stable injuries are disc herniation, flexion sprain, anterior wedge fractures and some burst fractures [29].…”

Section: Surgical Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%