The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study: Design and Scope

Abstract

The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a conglomerate of interrelated risk factors-including obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, and insulin resistance-which exponentially increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of MS according to the criteria published by the International Diabetes Federation, in individuals of both sexes over 18 years of age. This is a cross-sectional study based on MS prevalence in a representative sample from the Maracaibo district, Zulia State. The population of Maracaibo, according to the last census in 2001, was 1,219,927 habitants, with a 2007 population estimation of 1,428,043 habitants according to the National Institute of Statistics (NIS). Likewise, NIS projects that for the year 2009, 59.7% of the population of Venezuela will have individuals over 18 years of age. Using these data, the sample for Maracaibo District corresponds to 1986 individuals with or above 18 years of age. The data recollection was conducted by health professionals and medicine students, previously trained. The participants were subject to inquiry previous written consent and a medical examination, and qualitative variables such as smoking habit, socioeconomic status, physical activity, race, alcoholism, and nutritional habits, and quantitative ones like blood pressure, anthropometry, and blood works were determined. There is clear evidence that there is a lack of research and validated values to use as reference in our country and maybe in Latin America. Taking into account all that has been exposed here, this study will serve as a pilot for the numerous statistical determinations that will soon come afterward, providing first-hand accurate evidence on the behavior of the MS in the Latin American populace.

Prevalence and Risk Factors associated with Impaired Fasting Glucose in Adults from Maracaibo City, Venezuela

“…The sample method has been already published in the Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study cross-sectional proposal [12], yet the main aspects will be mentioned. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, randomized, multistage study which enrolled a total of 2,230 subjects.…”

Dysglycemic states and hypertension: A relationship dependent on low-grade inflammation

“…This report is part of the Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study 14 , a cross-sectional study whose purpose is to identify metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors in the adult population of Maracaibo, the second largest city of Venezuela. The study sample was calculated based on city population estimates by the National Institute of Statistics: (1,428,043 inhabitants for the year 2007), amounting to 1,986 individuals.…”

“…The study sample was calculated based on city population estimates by the National Institute of Statistics: (1,428,043 inhabitants for the year 2007), amounting to 1,986 individuals. An additional 244 subjects (12%) were included for oversampling in order to increase accuracy of the estimates obtained from smaller subgroups within the overall sample, totaling 2,230 individuals 14 …”

“…From the overall population, 2,026 individuals were selected on the basis of availability of insulin determination. Further details of the sampling process have been previously published 14 . Physical activity (PA) was measured using the International PA Questionnaire-Long Form (IPAQ-LF) 16 .…”

Coronary Risk Estimation according to the Framingham-Wilson Score and Impaired Fasting Glucose in Adult Subjects from Maracaibo city, Venezuela

“…The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study (MMSPS) was a cross-sectional study, with a randomized, multistaged sampling methodology which has been published previously [30]. MMSPS enrolled 2,230 individuals, and for this branch of the study, the following exclusion criteria were applied: those under 30 or older than 74 years of age, and personal history of acute coronary syndrome.…”