“…The conspicuous star‐shaped shell and large sizes that P. ferruginea can reach (>10 cm in diameter; see Espinosa & Rivera‐Ingraham, ) has made this species the target of human collection since the Quaternary (Espinosa, Rivera‐Ingraham, Fa, & García‐Gómez, ), being commonly used as food, bait for fishing, or for decorative purposes. In addition, the urban development of coastal areas has dramatically fragmented its habitat, leading to the alteration of local communities (Airoldi et al, ; Dong, Huang, Wang, Li, & Wang, ; Firth et al, ). Consequently, its distribution range has progressively contracted (Espinosa et al, ), with P. ferruginea nearly completely disappearing from European coasts, with the exception of the small populations present in Andalusia (Southern Spain), Corsica, and Sardinia (Espinosa et al, ).…”