The Marine Neurotoxin Brevetoxin (PbTx-2) Inhibits <i>Karenia brevis</i> and Mammalian Thioredoxin Reductases by Targeting Different Residues

Colon, Ricardo; Wheater, Michelle; Joyce, Emily J.; Ste.Marie, Emma J.; Hondal, Robert J.; Rein, Kathleen S.

doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00795

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…ROS production is considered as a metabolic response to toxic algal exposure, which could be induced in minutes to hours [ 55 , 56 , 57 ], and it even exhibited a high level after a 14-day exposure in our case. Although the mechanism of algae-induced ROS generation remains elusive, recent evidence showed that brevitoxin produced by K. brevis inhibits mammalian thioredoxin reductase, a component of the thioredoxin system [ 58 , 59 , 60 ]. The thioredoxin system is a major cellular antioxidant system that is responsible for maintaining redox homeostasis and is present in all living organisms [ 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Fitness and Elevated Oxidative Stress in the Marine Copepod Tigriopus japonicus Exposed to the Toxic Dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi

et al. 2022

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Blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi cause devastation to marine life, including declines of fitness and population recruitment. However, little is known about the effects of them on benthic copepods. Here, we assessed the acute and chronic effects of K. mikimotoi on the marine benthic copepod Tigriopus japonicus. Results showed that adult females maintained high survival (>85%) throughout 14-d incubation, but time-dependent reduction of survival was detected in the highest K. mikimotoi concentration, and nauplii and copepodites were more vulnerable compared to adults. Ingestion of K. mikimotoi depressed the grazing of copepods but significantly induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity, activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), and acetylcholinesterase. Under sublethal concentrations for two generations, K. mikimotoi reduced the fitness of copepods by prolonging development time and decreasing successful development rate, egg production, and the number of clutches. Our findings suggest that the bloom of K. mikimotoi may threaten copepod population recruitment, and its adverse effects are associated with oxidative stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Fitness and Elevated Oxidative Stress in the Marine Copepod Tigriopus japonicus Exposed to the Toxic Dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi

et al. 2022

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“…354 Brevetoxin PbTx-2 has differential effects against human and dinoagellate thioredoxin reductases, suggesting it is a key endogenous regulator of this enzyme in K. brevis. 355 The structure of goniodomin B has been revised to 887 following further NMR analysis; it is formed from parent goniodomin A depending on the solvent's cationic composition. 356 Two independent studies have probed saxitoxin biosynthesis by correlating toxin production to the stxA4 gene copy number in both toxin producing and non-producing strains of Alexandrium minutum, A. pacicum and Gymnodinium catenatum.…”

Section: Dinoagellatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…354 Brevetoxin PbTx-2 has differential effects against human and dinoflagellate thioredoxin reductases, suggesting it is a key endogenous regulator of this enzyme in K. brevis . 355…”

Section: Marine Microorganisms and Phytoplanktonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine natural products

et al. 2023

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“…While some areas may experience effects for several months in a row during major blooms, the entire coast does not experience effects continuously from start to finish due to other factors, including the strength of offshore/onshore winds. K. brevis brevetoxins (PbTx) have been detected in the tissues of the dead fish [69].…”

Section: Karenia Brevismentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) Causing Marine Fish Kills: Toxicity and Mitigation

Oh,

Pushparaj,

Muthu

et al. 2023

Plants

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Extensive growth of microscopic algae and cyanobacteria results in harmful algal blooms (HABs) in marine, brackish, and freshwater environments. HABs can harm humans and animals through their toxicity or by producing ecological conditions such as oxygen depletion, which can kill fish and other economically or ecologically important organisms. This review summarizes the reports on various HABs that are able to bring about marine fish kills. The predominant HABs, their toxins, and their effects on fishes spread across various parts of the globe are discussed. The mechanism of HAB-driven fish kills is discussed based on the available reports, and existing mitigation methods are presented. Lapses in the large-scale implementation of mitigation methods demonstrated under laboratory conditions are projected. Clay-related technologies and nano-sorption-based nanotechnologies, although proven to make significant contributions, have not been put to use in real-world conditions. The gaps in the technology transfer of the accomplished mitigation prototypes are highlighted. Further uses of remote sensing and machine learning state-of-the-art techniques for the detection and identification of HABs are recommended.

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The Marine Neurotoxin Brevetoxin (PbTx-2) Inhibits Karenia brevis and Mammalian Thioredoxin Reductases by Targeting Different Residues

Cited by 10 publications

References 51 publications

Reduced Fitness and Elevated Oxidative Stress in the Marine Copepod Tigriopus japonicus Exposed to the Toxic Dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi

Reduced Fitness and Elevated Oxidative Stress in the Marine Copepod Tigriopus japonicus Exposed to the Toxic Dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi

Marine natural products

Review of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) Causing Marine Fish Kills: Toxicity and Mitigation

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