“…Marmosets are relatively small for a primate, weighing only approximately 400 g. As a result, it has been possible to develop techniques to record the activity of single neurons in freely moving marmosets (Eliades and Wang, ; Roy and Wang, ). This approach has opened the door to exploring the neural processes underlying natural behaviors in the primate repertoire, such as in vocal communication (Eliades and Wang, ; Miller et al, ; Eliades and Miller, ), and can readily be applied to a broader range of behaviors, including foraging, visual perception, development, and social cognition (Santos and Hauser, ; Voelkl and Huber, ; Burkart and Heschl, ; Chow et al, ; Walker et al, ), among many other facets of the primate behavioral repertoire that emerge under more naturalistic conditions (Cavanaugh et al, ; Mustoe et al, ; Saito, ). The lissencephalic (smooth) cortex of marmosets is advantageous because nearly all cortical substrates are on the surface of the brain, just below the skull.…”