The marriage of Cytology and Cytogenetics

Abstract

The past 20 years have witnessed extraordinary advances in the field of cytogenetics, with the discovery that a multitude of neoplasms is characterized by identifiable chromosomal changes. The ability of Cytogenetics to aid in the identification and precise classification of a variety of neoplasms has not gone unnoticed by Cytology. In particular, Cytology has recog-

New entities, new technologies, new findings: A review of the cytologic features of recently established subtypes of renal cell carcinoma

“…In addition to cytologic features, specific diagnoses most often require immunohistochemical, cytogenetic, and/or molecular analyses (Table ). Thus, a specific task on ROSE is the collection of sufficient material for ancillary testing, which can be adequately performed on CNBs, cell blocks or even smears, and cytospin preparations . The diagnostic material procurement protocols may be adjusted by various institutions to best suit their laboratory practices and resources.…”

Molecular markers: Implications for cytopathology and specimen collection

“…In addition, chromosomal abnormalities and specific gene translocations can be extremely useful for characterizing renal tumors as well as soft tissue malignancies. 33 Traditional karyotype analysis requires the fresh collection of viable cells in saline or cell culture medium at the time of ROSE; whereas FISH using gene-specific probes can be performed on a variety of cytologic preparations, including air-dried or alcohol-fixed direct smears, cytocentrifuge or ThinPrep slides, or sections from traditional formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cell blocks. 33 When dealing with radiologic-guided biopsy of bony lesions or presumed bone metastasis, cytologic specimens in many ways are superior to traditional core biopsies.…”

“…33 Traditional karyotype analysis requires the fresh collection of viable cells in saline or cell culture medium at the time of ROSE; whereas FISH using gene-specific probes can be performed on a variety of cytologic preparations, including air-dried or alcohol-fixed direct smears, cytocentrifuge or ThinPrep slides, or sections from traditional formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cell blocks. 33 When dealing with radiologic-guided biopsy of bony lesions or presumed bone metastasis, cytologic specimens in many ways are superior to traditional core biopsies. During the procedural rapid interpretation, cytologic smears are often the only way to assess these lesions, because frozen sections of bony tissue can cause technical difficulties and compromise morphologic quality.…”

“…Ancillary testing of cytologic specimens from tumors derived at virtually any site has become increasingly important for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes. In addition, chromosomal abnormalities and specific gene translocations can be extremely useful for characterizing renal tumors as well as soft tissue malignancies . Traditional karyotype analysis requires the fresh collection of viable cells in saline or cell culture medium at the time of ROSE; whereas FISH using gene‐specific probes can be performed on a variety of cytologic preparations, including air‐dried or alcohol‐fixed direct smears, cytocentrifuge or ThinPrep slides, or sections from traditional formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded cell blocks …”

Cytopathologic features of epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma with correlation of histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular cytogenetic analysis

“…33 Demonstration of mesothelial differentiation by immunohistochemistry and/or characteristic chromosomal alterations by cytogenetic studies is helpful in making this distinction. 34 Distinguishing cytologic features among the major differential diagnoses of E-IMS, as well as useful immunohistochemical and molecular diagnostic studies, are summarized in Table 3.…”