“…These relations allow a reduction in the number of unknown parameters for individual spectral component from four (I m , m , , + ) to two (I m , m ) (three or five unknown parameters for two-or three-component solutions, respectively). Such a significant reduction in the number of parameters makes decomposition analysis much less ambiguous [48]. By implementing this additional information (constraints) and using the log-normal function to describe the spectral components, two mathematically different algorithms for the decomposition of fluorescence spectra were developed: SIMS -SImple fitting procedure using the root-Mean-Square criterion, which is based on the minimal least-square approach, and PHREQ -PHase-plot-based REsolution using Quenchers that uses an analytical pseudo-graphic solving technique [45].…”
Section: Log-normal Function For Describing Spectral Curvesmentioning
The fluorescence properties of tryptophan residues are sensitive to the microenvironment of fluorophores in proteins. Therefore, fluorescence characteristics are widely used to study structural transitions in proteins. However, the decoding of the structural information from spectroscopic data is challenging. Here we present a review of approaches developed for the decomposition of multi-component protein tryptophan fluorescence spectra and correlation of these spectral parameters with protein structural properties
“…These relations allow a reduction in the number of unknown parameters for individual spectral component from four (I m , m , , + ) to two (I m , m ) (three or five unknown parameters for two-or three-component solutions, respectively). Such a significant reduction in the number of parameters makes decomposition analysis much less ambiguous [48]. By implementing this additional information (constraints) and using the log-normal function to describe the spectral components, two mathematically different algorithms for the decomposition of fluorescence spectra were developed: SIMS -SImple fitting procedure using the root-Mean-Square criterion, which is based on the minimal least-square approach, and PHREQ -PHase-plot-based REsolution using Quenchers that uses an analytical pseudo-graphic solving technique [45].…”
Section: Log-normal Function For Describing Spectral Curvesmentioning
The fluorescence properties of tryptophan residues are sensitive to the microenvironment of fluorophores in proteins. Therefore, fluorescence characteristics are widely used to study structural transitions in proteins. However, the decoding of the structural information from spectroscopic data is challenging. Here we present a review of approaches developed for the decomposition of multi-component protein tryptophan fluorescence spectra and correlation of these spectral parameters with protein structural properties
“…The straight linear relationships between positions of maximal ( m ) and two half-maximal amplitudes ( Ϫ and ϩ ) have been revealed for a large series of monocomponent spectra of small tryptophan derivatives in various solvents and allowed to reduce the number of unknown parameters from four to two (Burstein and Emelyanenko, 1996). Such a reduction of number of parameters sought is known to make a decomposition much more unambiguous (Antipova- Korotaeva and Kazanova, 1971). As a result, the biparametric log-normal function (uniparametric one for the spec-tral shape) for fluorescence spectra of tryptophan and its residues in proteins appears as follows:…”
Two algorithms of decomposition of composite protein tryptophan fluorescence spectra were developed based on the possibility that the shape of elementary spectral component could be accurately described by a uniparametric log-normal function. The need for several mathematically different algorithms is dictated by the fact that decomposition of spectra into widely overlapping smooth components is a typical incorrect problem. Only the coincidence of components obtained with various algorithms can guarantee correctness and reliability of results. In this paper we propose the following algorithms of decomposition: (1) the SImple fitting procedure using the root-Mean-Square criterion (SIMS) operating with either individual emission spectra or sets of spectra measured with various quencher concentrations; and (2) the pseudo-graphic analytical procedure using a PHase plane in coordinates of normalized emission intensities at various wavelengths (wavenumbers) and REsolving sets of spectra measured with various Quencher concentrations (PHREQ). The actual experimental noise precludes decomposition of protein spectra into more than three components.
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