The maximum gas temperature rises beneath the ceiling in a longitudinal ventilated tunnel fire

Yao, Yongzheng; He, Kun; Peng, Min; Shi, Long

doi:10.1016/j.tust.2020.103672

Cited by 52 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…For example, Alpert [ 8 ] and Kurioka et al [ 9 ] developed maximum temperature prediction models for a tunnel fire. Moreover, researchers have carried out studies on the factors affecting the maximum temperature, such as the location and number of fire sources [ 10 – 12 ], the shape of tunnel cross-section [ 13 , 14 ], velocity of longitudinal ventilation [ 15 ], vehicle blockage in a tunnel [ 16 , 17 ], ambient pressure [ 18 , 19 ], and the slope of the vertical shaft [ 20 ]. In addition to the maximum temperature, researchers have also investigated temperature decay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on the temperature profile of bifurcation tunnel fire under natural ventilation

Zhao

2022

PLoS ONE

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This study simulated a series of bifurcation tunnel fire scenarios using the numerical code to investigate the temperature profile of bifurcation tunnel fire under natural ventilation. The bifurcation tunnel fire scenarios considered three bifurcation angles (30°, 45°, and 60°) and six heat release rates (HRRs) (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 MW). According to the simulation results, the temperature profile with various HRRs and bifurcation angles was described. Furthermore, the effects of bifurcation angles and HRRs on the maximum temperature under the bifurcation tunnel ceiling and the temperature decay along the longitudinal direction of the branch were investigated. According to the theoretical analysis, two prediction models were proposed. These models can predict a bifurcation tunnel fire’s maximum temperature and longitudinal temperature decay in the branch. The results of this study could be valuable for modelling a bifurcation tunnel fire and benefit the fire engineering design of bifurcation tunnels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on the temperature profile of bifurcation tunnel fire under natural ventilation

Zhao

2022

PLoS ONE

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“…In a compartment, Alpert 22 developed an expression, which is equation (1), to predict the maximum smoke temperature beneath the ceiling when the distance from the fire to any vertical wall is not less than 1.8 times the ceiling height…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, a number of serious fire accidents occurred in road and rail tunnels throughout the world. 1 Railway tunnel fire has been a world-wide concern due to its catastrophic material loss such as tunnel collapse and threat to people’s safety. Compared with road tunnels, railway tunnels have small cross-sections and widths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for ventilated horizontal tunnels, previous studies have focused on the temperature and toxic smoke distribution. 1 For example, Kurioka et al 23 proposed an empirical model expressed by equation (2) to predict the maximum temperature rise beneath the ceiling by conducting a series of scale experimentswhere Δ T max is the maximum temperature rise (K), T a is the ambient temperature (K), Q* is the dimensionless heat release rate, Fr is Froude number and ε and γ are experimental constants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical investigation on the smoke behaviour and longitudinal temperature decay in tilted tunnel fire with portal sealing

et al. 2021

Indoor and Built Environment

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Blocking the tunnel portal is one strategy in railway tunnel firefighting. In order to evaluate the effect of tunnel portal sealing ratio on fire behaviour, Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) was used to simulate tilted tunnel fire with different slope angles varying from 0% to 5%, heat release rate varying from 10 to 50 MW and sealing ratios varying from 0% to 75%. Results show that the experimental data of the temperature distribution inside the tilted tunnel were in good agreement with the simulation results. Moreover, the ceiling temperature rise decreases along the tunnel with the increase of the tunnel portal sealing ratio at initial stage and then tends to stabilize because of less oxygen supply when the heat release rate is relatively large. The maximum temperature rise decays exponentially along the tunnel ceiling with distance. The current model for temperature decay beneath the tunnel ceiling was proposed to be modified by taking the tunnel entrance sealing ratio into account. The predictions by the modified model agree well with the experimental measurement. The results could provide practical information and knowledge in ventilation system design and emergency evacuation for inclined railway tunnels.

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Research on Fire Smoke Characteristics and Key Factor Evaluation in High‐Altitude Traffic Tunnels

Yang,

Sun,

Xiang

et al. 2024

Fire and Materials

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Given the seriousness of fire safety issues in high‐altitude traffic tunnels, it is essential to investigate the spatial temperature characteristics under the coupling of multiple factors and their correlation with fire safety elements. This study systematically conducted full‐scale simulation analyses of highway tunnels to reveal the distribution of transverse and longitudinal spatial temperature as well as the longitudinal smoke diffusion patterns. Based on the simulation data, an integrated approach utilizing orthogonal test analysis, deviation analysis, and sensitivity analysis was employed to explore the impacts of various factors, including altitude, the transverse position of the fire source, fire scale, and wind speed, on tunnel fire safety. The results indicate that the influence of altitude on the longitudinal temperature along the arch and the position of spatial cross‐section characteristic points varies. Longitudinal ventilation speed is a relatively key factor affecting tunnel fire safety, particularly in terms of arch temperature and smoke backflow length, where its impact is significant. Additionally, fire scale has a notable impact on evacuation safety, with its overall influence ranking just below that of wind speed. In contrast, altitude and fire source position have relatively minor effects on tunnel fire safety. Inadequate longitudinal ventilation hinders the escape of personnel during tunnel fires, indicating that the design and operation of ventilation systems should be prioritized in fire prevention and control strategies. The findings of this study have significant practical implications for optimizing fire prevention and response capabilities in high‐altitude tunnels.

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The maximum gas temperature rises beneath the ceiling in a longitudinal ventilated tunnel fire

Cited by 52 publications

References 31 publications

A study on the temperature profile of bifurcation tunnel fire under natural ventilation

A study on the temperature profile of bifurcation tunnel fire under natural ventilation

Numerical investigation on the smoke behaviour and longitudinal temperature decay in tilted tunnel fire with portal sealing

Research on Fire Smoke Characteristics and Key Factor Evaluation in High‐Altitude Traffic Tunnels

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