The May 2005 eruption of Fernandina volcano, Galápagos: The first circumferential dike intrusion observed by GPS and InSAR

Chadwick, William W.; Jónsson, Sigurjón; Geist, D.; Poland, Michael P.; Johnson, Daniel J.; Batt, S.; Harpp, K. S.; Ruiz, A.

doi:10.1007/s00445-010-0433-0

Cited by 90 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Petrological evidences of the lavas support the tapping of magma from the shallow magma chamber (Chadwick et al, 2011). The path of the feeder dike followed the maximum compressive stress generated by the overpressurized sill-like chamber (Chadwick and Dieterich, 1995) and also the existence of caldera (Corbi et al, 2015) to form a circumferential fissure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Orientation of the Eruption Fissures Controlled by a Shallow Magma Chamber in Miyakejima

Geshi

Oikawa

2016

Front. Earth Sci.

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Orientation of the eruption fissures and composition of the lavas of the Miyakejima volcano is indicative of the competitive processes of the regional tectonic stress and the local stress generated by the activity of a magma plumbing system beneath the volcano. We examined the distributions and magmatic compositions of 23 fissures that formed within the last 2800 years, based on a field survey and a new dataset of 14 C ages. The dominant orientation of the eruption fissures in the central portion of the volcano was found to be NE-SW, which is perpendicular to the direction of regional maximum horizontal compressive stress (σ Hmax ). Magmas that show evidence of mixing between basaltic and andesitic compositions erupted mainly from the eruption fissures with a higher offset angle from the regional σ Hmax direction. The presence of a dike pattern perpendicular to the direction of maximum compression σ Hmax is an unusual and uncommon feature in volcanoes. Here we investigate the conditions possibly controlling this unexpected dike pattern. The distribution and magmatic compositions of the eruption fissures in Miyakejima volcano highlight the tectonic influence of shallow magma chamber on the development of feeder dikes in a composite volcano. The presence of a shallow dike-shaped magma chamber controls the eccentric distribution of the eruption fissures perpendicular to the present direction of σ Hmax . The injection of basaltic magma into the shallow andesitic magma chamber caused the temporal rise of internal magmatic pressure in the shallow magma chamber which elongates in NE-SW direction. Dikes extending from the andesitic magma chamber intrude along the local stress field which is generated by the internal excess pressure of the andesitic magma chamber. As the result, the eruption fissures trend parallel to the elongation direction of the shallow magma chamber. Some basaltic dikes from the deep-seated magma chamber reach the ground surface without intersection with the andesitic magma chamber. These basaltic dikes develop parallel to the regional compressive stress in NW-SE direction. The patterns of the eruption fissures can be modified in the future as was observed in the case of the destruction of the shallow magma chamber during the 2000 AD eruption.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Development of feeder dike system controlled by a duplex magma chamber proposed for the Miyakejima's system is similar to the feeding system of the 2005 eruption of Fernandina volcano, Galapagos (Chadwick et al, 2011). Petrological evidences of the lavas support the tapping of magma from the shallow magma chamber (Chadwick et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orientation of the Eruption Fissures Controlled by a Shallow Magma Chamber in Miyakejima

Geshi

Oikawa

2016

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…Each new dike intrusion seems to modify the local stress field enough such that the next intrusion ascends to the surface with a different orientation. Comparable temporal variations of stress orientations within other volcanoes have recently been found, for example on Fernandina volcano, Galápagos (Chadwick et al 2011). …”

Section: The 2007-2008 Jebel At Tair Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanic Eruptions in the Southern Red Sea During 2007–2013

Jónsson

2015

The Red Sea

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“…This progress allows to characterize the geometry of magmatic plumbing systems underlying volcanoes in terms of reservoir shapes, depths and numbers. In particular, at some specific volcanoes, deep magmatic reservoirs, which had been ignored so far, are evidenced (e.g., Elsworth et al, 2008;Chadwick et al, 2011;Bagnardi and Amelung, 2012;Hautmann et al, 2014;Tiampo et al, in press). However, most of the models used to interpret geodetic data are kinematic and cannot provide information on the pressure within the magmatic system, which is the key parameter to control the timing of magma reservoir rupture as well as the ability of magma to reach the surface and thus to feed an eruption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assimilation of Deformation Data for Eruption Forecasting: Potentiality Assessment Based on Synthetic Cases

2017

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In monitoring active volcanoes, the magma overpressure is one of the key parameters used in forecasting volcanic eruptions. This parameter can be inferred from the ground displacements measured on the Earth's surface by applying inversion techniques. However, in most studies, the huge amount of information about the behavior of the volcano contained in the temporal evolution of the deformation signal is not fully exploited by inversion. Our work focuses on developing a strategy in order to better forecast the magma overpressure using data assimilation. We take advantage of the increasing amount of geodetic data [i.e., Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)] recorded on volcanoes nowadays together with the wide-range availability of dynamical models that can provide better understanding about the volcano plumbing system. Here, we particularly built our strategy on the basis of the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF). We forecast the temporal behaviors of the magma overpressures and surface deformations by adopting a simple and generic two-magma chamber model and by using synthetic GNSS and/or InSAR data. We prove the ability of EnKF to both estimate the magma pressure evolution and constrain the characteristics of the deep volcanic system (i.e., reservoir size as well as basal magma inflow). High temporal frequency of observation is required to ensure the success of EnKF and the quality of assimilation is also improved by increasing the spatial density of observations in the near-field. We thus show that better results are obtained by combining a few GNSS temporal series of high temporal resolution with InSAR images characterized by a good spatial coverage. We also show that EnKF provides similar results to sophisticated Bayesian-based inversion while using the same dynamical model with the advantage of EnKF to potentially account for the temporal evolution of the uncertain model parameters. Our results show that EnKF works well with the synthetic cases and there is a great potential in using the method for real-time monitoring of volcanic unrest.

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The May 2005 eruption of Fernandina volcano, Galápagos: The first circumferential dike intrusion observed by GPS and InSAR

Cited by 90 publications

References 31 publications

Orientation of the Eruption Fissures Controlled by a Shallow Magma Chamber in Miyakejima

Orientation of the Eruption Fissures Controlled by a Shallow Magma Chamber in Miyakejima

Volcanic Eruptions in the Southern Red Sea During 2007–2013

Assimilation of Deformation Data for Eruption Forecasting: Potentiality Assessment Based on Synthetic Cases

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