The MC4 receptor mediates α-MSH induced release of nucleus accumbens dopamine

Lindblom, Jessica; Opmane, B; Mutulis, Felikss; Mutule, Ilze; Petrovska, Ramona; Kluša, Vija; Bergström, Lena; Wikberg, Jarl E. S.

doi:10.1097/00001756-200107200-00022

Cited by 91 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Converging evidence suggests that a region extending from the hypothalamus to the ventral striatum mediates biasing of food-cue reactivity based on energy-content information (Cornier et al, 2007;Farooqi et al, 2007;van der Laan et al, 2011). Intriguingly, the melanocortin system is known to project to the ventral striatum mediating dopamine release in the NAcc (Lindblom et al, 2001), which makes it reasonable to hypothesize that these neural connections represent reduced coupling of the homeostatic-and the hedonic-hunger systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine Alters Food–Cue Reactivity via Networks Extending From the Hypothalamus

Kroemer

Guevara

Vollstädt‐Klein

et al. 2013

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Obesity and smoking constitute two of the main causes of preventable deaths in the developed countries today. Many smokers motivate consumption as a means to control their body weight because smoking cessation increases the risk to gain weight. Although it is well established that nicotine reduces feeding in animals and that smoking is associated with reduced body weight in quasi-experimental studies of humans, acute nicotine effects are mixed and little is known about the brain networks supporting these effects. Thus, we investigated 26 normal-weighted never-smokers who received either nicotine (2 mg) or placebo gums following a double-blinded randomized cross-over design. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate reactivity to palatable food cues after both overnight fasting and following a standardized caloric intake (75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)). Participants viewed food or low-level control pictures in a block design and rated their current appetite after each block. Nicotine had a small-to mediumsized effect on subjective appetite and significantly altered food-cue reactivity in a region sensitive to caloric intake that extended from the right hypothalamus to the basal ganglia. During placebo sessions, the OGTT reduced functional coupling of this region with a 'salience network' (ie, amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex) in processing of food pictures. Furthermore, nicotine reduced coupling with the nucleus accumbens and the OGTT reduced coupling with an 'interoceptive network' (ie, insula, operculum) instead. We conclude that locally restricted acute effects of nicotine in the hypothalamic area have profound effects on food-processing networks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine Alters Food–Cue Reactivity via Networks Extending From the Hypothalamus

Kroemer

Guevara

Vollstädt‐Klein

et al. 2013

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…For example, a previous report described the introduction of a-MSH into the VTA and noted an increase in dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (Lindblom et al 2001). However, it is equally possible that other cleavage products of the POMC peptide, such as ACTH, b-endorphin or g-MSH may mediate the observed physiological effect either directly in the VTA or though projections to other brain regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

POMC overexpression in the ventral tegmental area ameliorates dietary obesity

Andino

Ryder

Shapiro

et al. 2011

Journal of Endocrinology

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The activation of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in different regions of the brain, including the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) and the nucleus of the solitary tract curtails feeding and attenuates body weight. In this study, we compared the effects of delivery of a recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) construct encoding POMC to the ARC with delivery to the ventral tegmental area (VTA). F344!Brown Norway rats were high-fat (HF) fed for 14 days after which self-complementary rAAV constructs expressing either green fluorescent protein or the POMC gene were injected using coordinates targeting either the VTA or the ARC. Corresponding increased POMC levels were found at the predicted injection sites and subsequent a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone levels were observed.Food intake and body weight were measured for 4 months. Although caloric intake was unaltered by POMC overexpression, weight gain was tempered with POMC overexpression in either the VTA or the ARC compared with controls. There were parallel decreases in adipose tissue reserves. In addition, levels of oxygen consumption and brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein 1 were significantly elevated with POMC treatment in the VTA. Interestingly, tyrosine hydroxylase levels were increased in both the ARC and VTA with POMC overexpression in either the ARC or the VTA. In conclusion, these data indicate a role for POMC overexpression within the VTA reward center to combat HF-induced obesity.

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“…In turn, projections of POMC and AGRP neurons project to other hypothalamic centers that modulate feeding and metabolism (4). In this respect, it is notable that the dopaminergic system, which has been implicated in both energy homeostasis and sexual function (see Melanocortins and Sexual Function), is modulated by melanocortin receptor agonists (28,29).…”

Section: The Melanocortin System and Energy Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

The melanocortin system

Gantz

Fong

2003

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

419

318

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Gantz, Ira, and Tung M. Fong. The melanocortin system. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 284: E468-E474, 2003; 10.1152/ajpendo. 00434.2002.-The melanocortin system consists of melanocortin peptides derived from the proopiomelanocortin gene, five melanocortin receptors, two endogenous antagonists, and two ancillary proteins. This review provides an abbreviated account of the basic biochemistry, pharmacology, and physiology of the melanocortin system and highlights progress made in four areas. In particular, recent pharmacological and genetic studies have affirmed the role of melanocortins in pigmentation, inflammation, energy homeostasis, and sexual function. Development of selective agonists and antagonists is expected to further facilitate the investigation of these complex physiological functions and provide an experimental basis for new pharmacotherapies.inflammation; obesity; pigmentation; sexual function; receptor THE MELANOCORTIN SYSTEM consists of 1) the melanocortin peptides ␣-, ␤-, and ␥-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (␣-, ␤-, ␥-MSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), 2) a family of five seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled melanocortin receptors, and 3) the endogenous melanocortin antagonists agouti and agoutirelated protein (AGRP). In addition, two ancillary proteins, mahogany and syndecan-3, have been found that modulate the activity of the melanocortin peptides (melanocortins). This minireview is meant to introduce the melanocortin system to the unacquainted reader.The melanocortins are involved in an extraordinarily diverse number of physiological functions, including pigmentation, steroidogenesis, energy homeostasis, exocrine secretion, sexual function, analgesia, inflammation, immunomodulation, temperature control, cardiovascular regulation, and neuromuscular regeneration. On the basis of their prominent regulatory role in many of these functions, the development of melanocortin-based drugs is currently being considered, or is presently in the developmental phase, for the treatment of skin cancer and other cutaneous disorders, obesity, anorexia nervosa and cachexia, erectile dysfunction, inflammatory diseases, pain, and nerve injury. The physiological basis for considering melanocortins as central participants in some of the aforementioned processes will be discussed.The first portion of this minireview will present, largely in isolation, the various elements of the melanocortin system. These elements will then be discussed in the context of four physiological functions: pigmentation, inflammation, energy homeostasis, and sexual behavior. With the use of this approach, however, there is an inevitable overlap of organization. COMPONENTS OF THE MELANOCORTIN SYSTEM Proopiomelanocortin ProhormoneThe melanocortins are posttranslational products of the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) prohormone. This prohormone also gives rise to the opiate peptide ␤-endorphin, hence the name pro-opio-melanocortin. Among the peptide products of that prohormone, the melanocortins are unified by the fact they contain the a...

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The MC4 receptor mediates α-MSH induced release of nucleus accumbens dopamine

Cited by 91 publications

References 23 publications

Nicotine Alters Food–Cue Reactivity via Networks Extending From the Hypothalamus

Nicotine Alters Food–Cue Reactivity via Networks Extending From the Hypothalamus

POMC overexpression in the ventral tegmental area ameliorates dietary obesity

The melanocortin system

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