2010
DOI: 10.1007/s10551-010-0688-6
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The Meaning of Corporate Social Responsibility: The Vision of Four Nations

Abstract: corporate social responsibility, definition, United Kingdom, France, United States, Canada,

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Cited by 252 publications
(168 citation statements)
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References 85 publications
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“…The definition of CSR spans through several decades, with Clark (1926) pointed out as the originator of the concept (Freeman & Hasnaoui, 2011). It has been viewed as social obligation (Berle, 1932), social responsibility (Bowen, 1953), corporate philanthropy (Eells, 1956;Levitt, 1958), corporate citizenship (Marten, Crane, & Fredricks, 1960), social responsiveness (Carroll, 1999) and social performance (Wartick & Cochran, 1985;Wood, 1991).…”
Section: Csr and Nigeria's Petroleum Industrymentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The definition of CSR spans through several decades, with Clark (1926) pointed out as the originator of the concept (Freeman & Hasnaoui, 2011). It has been viewed as social obligation (Berle, 1932), social responsibility (Bowen, 1953), corporate philanthropy (Eells, 1956;Levitt, 1958), corporate citizenship (Marten, Crane, & Fredricks, 1960), social responsiveness (Carroll, 1999) and social performance (Wartick & Cochran, 1985;Wood, 1991).…”
Section: Csr and Nigeria's Petroleum Industrymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has been viewed as social obligation (Berle, 1932), social responsibility (Bowen, 1953), corporate philanthropy (Eells, 1956;Levitt, 1958), corporate citizenship (Marten, Crane, & Fredricks, 1960), social responsiveness (Carroll, 1999) and social performance (Wartick & Cochran, 1985;Wood, 1991). Of recent, the definition of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been noted to be context specific (Gjolberg, 2009;Freeman & Hasnaoui, 2011). In essence, CSR is a concept with diverse definitions that require the understanding of the context within which it exist.…”
Section: Csr and Nigeria's Petroleum Industrymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Corporate social responsibility (CSR) consists of economic, legal, and ethical responsibilities, as well as voluntary or philanthropic responsibilities, which are guided by an organization's discretion, as opposed to legal or more explicit requirements [1][2][3]. Under the current global business environment, CSR is now a determining factor of success that firms cannot ignore [4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Traditionally, CSR activities are thought of as firms' responses to the requirement of sustainability pillared by the so-called "triple bottom line": firms must reconcile environmental, social equity, and economic demands for their stakeholders [1,3]. However, Baron's [7] strategic CSR view argues that firms conduct socially and environmentally responsible activities as a strategic instrument for the purpose of profitability maximization via influencing stakeholders' expectations on working conditions, environment protections, poverty alleviation, human health, and so on.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…CSR is a proactive approach that overcomes the business protocol of making profits and abiding by the law (Wicks & Harrison, 2013). Even though there are many factors that push to apply CSR, it is still not fully applicable because it is not fully comprehended (Freeman & Hasnaoui, 2011).Corporations need to follow the rules and regulations of Corporate Social Responsibility which is required by the Canadian government (Hasselback, 2014). CSR planning is a challenge to managers because of the conflict of interest between them and the company.…”
Section: Corporate Social Responsibilitymentioning
confidence: 99%