The measurement of a new antimicrobial quinolone in hair as an index of drug exposure.

Abstract

1. Scalp hair samples were obtained at 1 month intervals up to 5 months from healthy male volunteers participating in a phase I study of a new antimicrobial quinolone, OPC‐17116. 2. Hair was sectioned into 1 cm lengths from the scalp end. Corresponding portions from five pieces of hair were dissolved in 1 N NaOH and assayed for OPC‐17116 by h.p.l.c. 3. In all subjects taking a single dose (400 mg, n = 5) or repeated doses (400 mg day‐1, twice daily, for 6.5 days, n = 6), the drug was detected in the portions of hair corresponding to the administration period, assuming a hair growth rate of 1 cm/month. 4. OPC‐17116 (300 mg day‐1, three times daily, for 2 days) was given to four healthy male volunteers, from whom hair samples were obtained at 1 month and 3 months. The drug was detected in 1 to 4 consecutive 2.5‐mm long portions of a single hair and there was no significant axial diffusion of the agent along the hair shaft with time. 5. These findings indicate the utility of measuring this quinolone derivative in hair as an index of exposure, and as a time‐marker for the hair analysis of other drugs.

The concentration of three anti-seizure medications in hair: the effects of hair color, controlling for dose and age

“…Others have reported on a wide variety of substances that can be recovered from human hair samples and can be quantitatively determined. These include nicotine and cotinine [7], caffeine [8], antipsychotics and anti-anxiety medications [9,10,11,12], various antibiotics [13,14,15,16], pesticides [17], digoxin [18], and steroids [19,20]. There are several advantages to hair as a sample for analysis, but the single most important attribute is undoubtedly the long retrospective time frame to which analysis of a segment of hair corresponds.…”

Using ofloxacin as a time marker in hair analysis for monitoring the dosage history of haloperidol

“…We have shown that an ingested drug, whether administered continuously or intermittently, is deposited in hair in proportion to the dose and that it is captured there, moving outwards along the shaft as the hair grows [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Therefore, it may be possible to consider a strand of hair as a "tape-recorder," which continuously stores all the data about the drug exposure of individual over the past several months, or possibly years.…”

“…4), depending on the weight of the hair and its melanin content. Therefore, data from pooled segments obtained from different hairs may well produce a broadened distribution, with tailing at the point of any change in drug exposure [16]. In addition, it is easier to sample just a few hair strands, because plucking them does cause some discomfort.…”

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Hair Samples

“…I have found that ofloxacin, an antimicrobial quinolone derivative that is frequently prescribed in Japan, can be detected in hair after even a short exposure (Miyazawa et al 1991Uematsu et al 1991aUematsu et al , 1992.…”