The Measurement of Boundary Tension by the Pendant-drop Method. I. The Aliphatic Alcohols.

Abstract

The importance of capillary phenomena in the technical and scientific world is well known. For nearly a century and a half, noteworthy studies have been produced which have established the theoretical and experimental foundations of this field of investigation.Yet the field is by no means exhausted. In particular, the interpretation of the behavior and structure of surfaces and interfacial bounda ries in terms of molecular structure and the various forces exirting in such regions has been the subject of many researches in recent years.Hauqer, Andreas, and Tucker ( 7 ) hare reviewed the importance of boundary-energy measurements in industry. These men (1) developed the "pendant-drop method" for the experimental measurement of boundary energy Jyhich was used in the present study.The objective of the present research a o r k has been threefold: (a) to construct and operate photographic and auxiliary equipment for the production of pendant-drop profiles from which measurements could be taken for the calculation of boundary energies; ( b ) to determine the accuracy of the above method by the use of highly purified calibrating liquids upon 1% hich highly dependable data have been obtained by other methods which are theoretically valid; and (c) to determine the surfaceenergy characteristic. of' a group of purified aliphatic alcohols embracing the normal compoundq from C1 to C12 and the readily obtainable isomers below CC It is recognized that a drop of fluid hanging pendant from a tube is a system in which an equilibrium of forces has been attained. The resultant of these forces has been such as to give the drop certain shape and surface characteristics peculiar to the particular system under consideration.The equation derived by Andreas, Hauser, and Tucker (1) for experimental use in determining boundary tensions is2 1 The material presented here formed part of a thesis submitted by Leonard V. Sorg to the Faculty of the University of Kansas City in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, June, 1940. 2 For the complete derivation of this equation, see reference 10.

Investigation into the Formation and Adhesion of Cyclopentane Hydrates on Mechanically Robust Vapor-Deposited Polymeric Coatings

“…The effective interfacial tension of the CyC5-in-water emulsion was measured through the pendant drop method. 45 Measurements were performed on the as-made emulsion and again 4hr after its preparation. Following the same procedure as used for obtaining the microphotograph images, the glass vials containing the emulsion were inverted gently a few times prior to sampling for the goniometry measurements.…”

PVT, viscosity, and surface tension of ethanol: New measurements and literature data evaluation

“…The parameter C is usually taken as a measure of the ideal glass transition temperature and is roughly (15 to 40) K less than T g . Our values of A, B, and C of equation (9) [87]; w, Ramsay and Aston [88]; h, Descude [89]; , Ritzel [90]; }, Richards and Cooms [93]; N, Bircumshaw [95]; i, Sudgen [96]; ., Hammick and Andrew [97]; d, Trieeshmann [98]; j, Ernst et al [37]; , Smith and Sorg [99]; , Vogel [100]; Ç, Myers and Clever [102]; q, Ross and Patterson [103]; , Korösi and Kovats [104]; È, Strey and Shemeling [105]; , Kalbassi and Bidduph [107]; , Papaioannou and Panayiotou [108]; +, Vásquez et al [109]; , Johans and Suomaleinen [111]; Â, Azizian and Hemmati [112]; g, Calvo et al [91]; j, Morgan and Nedle [92]; , Morgan and Scarlett [94]; Ç, Efremov [101]; , Won et al [49]; w, Kinart et al [110]; È, Belda et al [114]; h, Dilmohamud et al [115]; 4, Sheu and Tu [117]; , Domań ska et al [121]. Partial data selected for fitting: , Sudgen [96]; , Korösi and Kovats [104]; , Kalbassi and Bidduph [107].…”

Designing Durable Vapor‐Deposited Surfaces for Reduced Hydrate Adhesion

“…The surface tensions of THF-water mixtures were obtained through pendant drop method. [32] Measurements were performed rapidly to minimize impact of air exposure on THF-water droplets. The surface tension values were averaged from measurements of ten droplets for a given wt.…”