The measurement of lithium depletion in aluminium-lithium alloys using X-ray diffraction

Holdway, P.; Bowen, A. W.

doi:10.1007/bf01168945

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Previously it was found by x-ray powder diffraction that the dominant oxide was Li 2 CO 3, but that LiAlO 2 was present only as a tiny amount after the alloy was thermally treated in air. 10 Our 27 Al SE spectra in Fig. 2 agree with the XRD conclusion.…”

Section: Al Sesupporting

confidence: 92%

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²⁷Al and ⁷Li spin‐echo and spin‐echo double resonance NMR applications to the study of lithium depletion and surface oxidation in Al–Li alloy

Ripmeester

2001

Magnetic Reson in Chemistry

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The physical properties and the near-surface microstructures of Al-Li alloys are known to be affected by thermo-mechanical processes during alloy manufacture. The research reported here explored 27 Al and 7 Li spin-echo and spin-echo double resonance NMR to follow the structural changes that accompany lithium depletion and oxidation processes at the alloy surface. The NMR analysis generally agrees with conclusions reached previously using other analytical methods. The major oxide compound generated is Li 2 CO 3 and the minor oxide compound is LiAlO 2 , which is formed at higher temperatures. LiAlO 2 is shown to be formed in spatially confined clusters on the surface of the Li-depleted, Al-rich near-surface layer.

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Section: Al Sesupporting

confidence: 92%

“…10 Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology of the oxide surface. 11 Detailed descriptions of these techniques and experimental results can be found in the publications cited, and the results related to this paper will be discussed in the text.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

²⁷Al and ⁷Li spin‐echo and spin‐echo double resonance NMR applications to the study of lithium depletion and surface oxidation in Al–Li alloy

Ripmeester

2001

Magnetic Reson in Chemistry

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“…While Ceresara et al 30 took precautions to minimize lithium loss during heat treatment of their Al-Li alloys, the volatility of Li at elevated temperature can lead to significant Li loss that is accompanied by the injection of vacancies through the Kirkendall effect in excess of the equilibrium vacancy concentration. 32,33 An enhanced vacancy concentration in Al-Li alloys over that of pure Al implies a tendency of lithium to bind vacancies. Yet if the enhancement occurs due to kinetics associated with lithium loss, the apparent binding is not a thermodynamic quantity and cannot be compared with the first-principles results of this work.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vacancies in ordered and disordered binary alloys treated with the cluster expansion

2005

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First-principles investigations of the thermodynamics of binary alloys using a cluster expansion have so far neglected the presence of vacancies. Here, we invoke a local cluster expansion as a perturbation to the standard binary cluster expansion to model the equilibrium vacancy concentration in a binary alloy as a function of temperature and alloy composition. We apply this approach to a first-principles investigation of the fcc Al 1−x Li x alloy ͑for x less than 0.3͒ which at x = 0.25 exhibits L1 2 superstructure ordering. The equilibrium vacancy concentration is predicted to be sensitive to the bulk alloy composition x in the ordered L1 2 phase, varying by more than an order of magnitude in a narrow interval of x at intermediate temperatures. Both in the solid solution and in the ordered L1 2 phase, the vacancy prefers a nearest neighbor shell rich in aluminum. In the L1 2 ordered phase, the vacancy predominantly occupies the lithium sublattice. The type of short-range order around a vacancy should affect the mobility of the constituents of the alloy and hence its interdiffusion coefficient.

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“…Another consequence of this short exposure of the material to high temperatures is the suppression of an intensive Li depletion in the surface layer of the strip [63,64] and the elimination of the surface sculpting typical for ingot-cast and homogenized materials. This effect is often mentioned in the literature and generally detected through microhardness measurements in alloys with higher (2-3 wt.%) Li content [65,66]. On the contrary, microhardness maps of TRC strips (Figure 14c,d) do not exhibit the presence of any systematically softer surface layer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Near Net Shape Manufacturing of Sheets from Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Sc-Zr Alloy

Kihoulou,

Králík,

Bajtošová

et al. 2024

Materials

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Thin twin-roll cast strips from a model Al-Cu-Mg-Li-Zr alloy with a small addition of Sc were prepared. A combination of a fast solidification rate and a favorable effect of Sc microalloying refines the grain size and the size of primary phase particles and reduces eutectic cell dimensions to 10–15 μm. Long-term homogenization annealings used in conventionally cast materials lasting several tens of hours followed by a necessary dimension reduction through rolling/extruding could be substituted by energy and material-saving procedure. It consists of two-step short annealings at 300 °C/30 min and 450 °C/30 min, followed by the refinement and hardening of the structure using constrained groove pressing. A dense dispersion of 10–20 nm spherical Al3(Sc,Zr) precipitates intensively forms during this treatment and effectively stabilizes the structure and inhibits the grain growth during subsequent solution treatment at 530 °C/30 min. Small (3%) pre-straining after quenching assures more uniform precipitation of strengthening Al2Cu (θ′), Al2CuMg (S′), and Al2CuLi (T1) particles during subsequent age-hardening annealing at 180 °C/14 h. The material does not contain a directional and anisotropic structure unavoidable in rolled or extruded sheets. The proposed procedure thus represents a model near net shape processing strategy for manufacturing lightweight high-strength sheets for cryogenic applications in aeronautics.

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The measurement of lithium depletion in aluminium-lithium alloys using X-ray diffraction

Cited by 20 publications

References 10 publications

²⁷Al and ⁷Li spin‐echo and spin‐echo double resonance NMR applications to the study of lithium depletion and surface oxidation in Al–Li alloy

²⁷Al and ⁷Li spin‐echo and spin‐echo double resonance NMR applications to the study of lithium depletion and surface oxidation in Al–Li alloy

Vacancies in ordered and disordered binary alloys treated with the cluster expansion

Near Net Shape Manufacturing of Sheets from Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Sc-Zr Alloy

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The measurement of lithium depletion in aluminium-lithium alloys using X-ray diffraction

Cited by 20 publications

References 10 publications

27Al and 7Li spin‐echo and spin‐echo double resonance NMR applications to the study of lithium depletion and surface oxidation in Al–Li alloy

27Al and 7Li spin‐echo and spin‐echo double resonance NMR applications to the study of lithium depletion and surface oxidation in Al–Li alloy

Vacancies in ordered and disordered binary alloys treated with the cluster expansion

Near Net Shape Manufacturing of Sheets from Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Sc-Zr Alloy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

²⁷Al and ⁷Li spin‐echo and spin‐echo double resonance NMR applications to the study of lithium depletion and surface oxidation in Al–Li alloy

²⁷Al and ⁷Li spin‐echo and spin‐echo double resonance NMR applications to the study of lithium depletion and surface oxidation in Al–Li alloy