The Measurement of Stiffness in Textile Fabrics

Abstract

In Part I the subjective evaluation of stiffness is used as a standard with which to compare the results obtained from five laboratory methods of measuring stiffness. Measurements were made on a range of nineteen fabrics of varying fiber content, weave, and weight. The results indicated significant correlation in four of the five methods. The test was repeated with a new range of of eleven fabrics, with approximately the same results. The Peirce cantilever test was selected as being the most convenient to carry out in the laboratory, and at the same time giving good correlation with the subjective estimate. Part II describes a more detailed examination of certain aspects of the cantilever test, and a specific technique is recommended which combines simplicity of equipment with ease of measurement.

Experimental measurement and predictive modelling of bending behaviour for viscous unidirectional composite materials

“…Furthermore, fibres/tows are subject to bending deformation during buckling, which may lead to wrinkling. At present the modelling and characterisation of the bending behaviour of viscous composites still remains unresolved, although some efforts primarily for dry textiles have been made [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Two measurement systems, Kawabata Evaluation System (KES) [15] and Fabric Assurance by Simple Testing (FAST) [16], have been used widely to characterise the low-stress bending behaviour for dry fabrics.…”

Fabric objective measurement and drape

“…Reduction rates were similar in the first and fourth stages and the change rate was lower in the second stage than the first. Generally, the change was significant in the first three stages (0-6 hours) than the fourth (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). Plain weave fabrics with the lowest weight and bending rigidity had the highest percentage of decreasing rate, while weft rib fabrics with the highest weight had the lowest decreasing rate.…”

“…In this range the operator could select her/his sample length to carry out accurate experiments [14]. Afterwards, the hanging heart loop test was carried out by Abbott using a strip of 20 cm [15].…”

“…The angle measured is a stiffness parameter. The values of both sides are averaged [15]. A sample is supported vertically using a clamp which is connected to a graduated disk.…”

“…Abbott in 1951 [15] compared five different methods of measuring fabric stiffness with the subjective assessment of stiffness which was considered by him as the standard…”