“…Concrete is a kind of quasi-brittle material widely used in various engineering fields [ 5 ]. In order to improve the structural properties of concrete, researchers have developed a variety of concrete types [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. At present, the research on the fracture process of concrete materials mostly uses plain concrete for fracture simulation [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], and conducts experimental research [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ] to reveal its fracture characteristics [ 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”