The Mechanics of Swimming

Bixler, Barry

doi:10.1002/9780470698761.ch4

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…La larga tradición japonesa con la Natación proviene, al menos, desde principios de nuestra era. Así, Wilkie y Juba (1990) indican que durante el mandato del emperador Suigiu, en el siglo primero, se implantó una competición de Natación con periodicidad anual. En el citado texto, también se indica que en 1603, por mandato del emperador Go-Yōzei, se fundó la primera organización nacional de Natación y, además, la asignatura de Natación se implantó como obligatoria en las escuelas.…”

Section: Japónunclassified

“…Los indios utilizaron una técnica de nado ventral con recobro aéreo de los brazos y … ganaron. Sin embargo, pocos días después se volvieron a enfrentar y, en esta ocasión, venció Kenworth, con lo que la braza siguió siendo considerada la mejor técnica de nado (Wilkie y Juba, 1990).…”

Section: El Estilo Libreunclassified

“…Esta forma de nadar se denominó crol americano. El australiano Cecil Healy fue el primero en introducir una respiración lateral, regular y coordinada con el braceo en 1911 (Wilkie y Juba, 1990).…”

Section: El Estilo Libreunclassified

“…Había aparecido la braza plana o americana. Con esta técnica, rebajo el récord mundial de los 200m braza en seis segundos en un periodo de ocho meses (Wilkie y Juba, 1990). Hacia la década de 1970, en Europa se empezó a nadar una braza con mayor movimiento ascendente-descendente e intentando que las extremidades inferiores realizasen la patada de braza con un movimiento ondulatorio parecido a la "patada delfín" del estilo mariposa.…”

Section: Los Estilos Braza Y Mariposaunclassified

See 3 more Smart Citations

Historia de la Natación II: Desde el Renacimiento hasta la aparición y consolidación de los actuales estilos de competición

Belloch¹,

Pérez-Soriano²,

Cebrián³

et al. 2016

CAF

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Con el Renacimiento resurge el arte de nadar en Europa y se publican los primeros textos dedicados a la Natación, destacando Colymbetes (1538) de Wynman, De Arte Natandi (1587) de Digby y, con posterioridad, L´Art de Nager (1696) de Thevenot. En el s.XVII surgirán dos escuelas antagónicas: la seguidora de G. Muts que preconizaba una fase inicial de ejercicios en seco y la Natación natural de O. de Bernardi y H. Ladebeck. En el s.XIX tres grandes motivos popularizan la Natación a todos los estratos sociales: (a) las grandes travesías a nado, especialmente la del canal de la Mancha, (b) la importancia que los militares vuelven a darle a la Natación en la formación de los soldados y (c) la aparición de los primeros clubs, piscinas y primeras competiciones. Con el espaldarazo definitivo que supuso la reaparición de los J.J.O.O., se llega a la situación actual, con cuatro estilos de competición que evolucionaron notablemente durante el s.XX. En las últimas décadas de dicho siglo, quedaron establecidos los modelos técnicos de nado de los cuatro estilos de competición.Palabras clave: actividad acuática, ejercicio físico, arte, estilo de natación HISTORY OF SWIMMING II: SINCE RENAISSENCE TO THE APPEARANCE AND CONSOLIDATION OF CURRENT COMPETITIVE STROKES With the Renaissance, the art of swimming revived in Europe and the first texts dedicated to swimming were published, highlighting Colymbetes (1538) of Wynman, De Arte Natandi (1587) of Digby, and thereafter, L'Art de Nager (1696) of Thevenot. In the eighteenth century two opposig methods emerge: G. Muts method advocated an initial phase with dry land exercises and natural swimming method of O. de Bernardi and H. Ladebeck. In the nineteenth century three major reasons popularized swimming to all social strata: (a) large swimming trips, especially the English Channel, (b) the military significance of swimming and (c) the emergence of clubs, swimming pools and firsts championships. With the return of the Olympic Games, we get to the current situation, with four racing styles that evolved significantly over the twentieth century. In the last decades of this century were established the technical models of the four racing swimming strokes.Key words: aquatic activity, physical exercise, art, swimming stroke

show abstract

Section: Japónunclassified

Section: El Estilo Libreunclassified

Section: Los Estilos Braza Y Mariposaunclassified

See 2 more Smart Citations

Historia de la Natación II: Desde el Renacimiento hasta la aparición y consolidación de los actuales estilos de competición

Belloch¹,

Pérez-Soriano²,

Cebrián³

et al. 2016

CAF

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Acceleration is an important aspect in many cyclic sports, such as swimming, where it is necessary to maintain forward momentum and reduce drag (Bixler, 2005). Furthermore, the acceleration values are of interest as they can directly relate to the application of force (Sato, Smith, & Sands, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear Acceleration Measurement Utilizing Inter-Instrument Synchronization: A Comparison between Accelerometers and Motion-Based Tracking Approaches

Callaway

Cobb

2012

Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Where as video cameras are a reliable and established technology for the measurement of kinematic parameters, accelerometers are increasingly being employed for this type of measurement due to their ease of use, performance, and comparatively low cost. However, the majority of accelerometer-based studies involve a single channel due to the difficulty associated with synchronizing multiple accelerometer channels. The authors of this article outline a method to synchronize multiple accelerometers using a maxima detection method. Results are presented that demonstrate the effectiveness of the new synchronization method with 52 of 54 recorded data sets showing no time lag error and two tests showing an error of .04 sec. Inter-instrument and instrument-video correlations are all greater than r = .94 (p < .01), with inter-instrument precision (Root Mean Square Error; RMSE) ≈ .1ms −2 , demonstrating the efficacy of the technique. In conclusion, the new technique offers a robust solution, giving further support to the movement toward wider adoption of accelerometer-based performance measurement systems in sports science.

show abstract

Embedded 3D Printing of Thermally‐Cured Thermoset Elastomers and the Interdependence of Rheology and Machine Pathing

Stang

Tashman

Shiwarski

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

polyether ether ketone (PEEK) can be directly printed into high-performance parts. [1][2][3][4][5] However, there are still large classes of materials that have been difficult to adapt to 3D printing. For example, thermally-cured thermosets such as epoxies and silicones are widely used in many applications for their combination of mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and thermal stability. [6] However, these polymers are often two-part systems that must be mixed and then take minutes to hours to crosslink and fully cure. These thermosets remain in a liquid state for a prolonged period and are thus challenging to 3D print with high fidelity because they flow and do not retain their intended geometry.Extrusion-based direct ink writing (DIW) has had success printing thermosets such as epoxies and silicones but typically requires modification of ink composition and rheological properties to make them thixotropic, or that are already thixotropic, to permit printing in air. [7,8] Additionally, DIW faces the same geometrical constraints that limit related fused deposition modeling (FDM) type approaches, such as overhangs and free-standing structures that are difficult to print without the use of support material. These constraints on the materials and geometries that can be 3D printed severely limit the complexity of parts that can be fabricated using slow-to-cure liquid prepolymers and soft materials.Freeform reversible embedding (FRE) 3D printing is a technique that was recently developed to print soft and liquid materials and overcome these challenges. [9] First described in separate papers by the Feinberg and Angelini groups in 2015, FRE and related embedded 3D printing techniques involve extruding prepolymers into a microgel-based support bath that possesses a yield stress. [10,11] Unlike typical FDM approaches in which the filament is extruded onto a platform, in FRE the material of choice (often referred to as the ink) is extruded directly into the support bath and held in place until it is cured. The support bath also greatly diminishes the effects of gravity and generally eliminates the need for any additional printed support structures. Despite these advantages, there are still challenges that are unique to the FRE process Thermoset elastomers are widely used high-performance materials due to their thermal stability, chemical resistance, and mechanical properties. However, established casting and molding techniques limit the overall 3D complexity of parts that can be fabricated. Advanced manufacturing methods such as 3D printing have improved design flexibility and reduced development time but have proved challenging using thermally-cured thermosets due to their viscosity, slow gelation kinetics, and high surface tension. To address this, freeform reversible embedding (FRE) 3D printing extrudes thermosets such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer within a carbomer support bath, but due to the liquid-like state of the prepolymer during extrusion has been limited to hollow structures. Here, FRE printi...

show abstract

The Mechanics of Swimming

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Historia de la Natación II: Desde el Renacimiento hasta la aparición y consolidación de los actuales estilos de competición

Historia de la Natación II: Desde el Renacimiento hasta la aparición y consolidación de los actuales estilos de competición

Linear Acceleration Measurement Utilizing Inter-Instrument Synchronization: A Comparison between Accelerometers and Motion-Based Tracking Approaches

Embedded 3D Printing of Thermally‐Cured Thermoset Elastomers and the Interdependence of Rheology and Machine Pathing

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About