The mechanism of action of acid-soluble chitosan as an adjuvant in the formulation of nasally administered vaccine against HBV

Abstract

Recently, numerous attempts have been made to evaluate the potential of chitosan as an adjuvant; however, few have explored the mechanism underlying the adjuvant activity of chitosan.

α-Santalol functionalized chitosan nanoparticles as efficient inhibitors of polo-like kinase in triple negative breast cancer

“…24 The polymer has been investigated as an adjuvant and for a wide variety of activities, including anti-microbial activity, anti-tumor activity, blood hemostatic activity, and anti-diabetic activity, as well as for enzyme immobilization and wound dressing applications. [25][26][27][28] The mucoadhesive nature of chitosan raises the residual time at the site of absorption and its cationic property permits ionic linkages, which happens with multivalent anions. 29 Different methods have been employed for synthesizing the chitosan NPs including ionic gelation using cross-linking agents (tripolyphosphate (TPP) 30 or glutaraldehyde), 31 the emulsion solvent evaporation method, 32 and coacervation phase separation.…”

Better Adjuvants for Better Vaccines: Progress in Adjuvant Delivery Systems, Modifications, and Adjuvant–Antigen Codelivery

“…These properties can be used to load different antigens and induce broad immune cell types. For example, acid-soluble chitosan, after being taken up by DCs, dissolves in the strong lysosomal acid environment, resulting in lysosome rupture via the proton effect, followed by antigen escape and cross-presentation, leading to strong cellular immunity [58].…”

Needle-Free Immunization with Chitosan-Based Systems

“…It further showed that chitosan increased the uptake of antigens by dendritic cells and promoted their maturation. Mice immunized with HBsAg plus chitosan showed the significantly increased level of anti-HBs sIgA, IFN-γ- and IL-2 than the mice immunized with alum-based vaccine and plain HBsAg [ 135 ].…”