The mechanism of chronic toxicity to Daphnia magna induced by graphene suspended in a water column

Abstract

The mechanism of chronic toxicity induced by graphene to Daphnia magna compared with that of C60, SWCNT, and MWCNT.

Ecotoxicology of manufactured graphene oxide nanomaterials and derivation of preliminary guideline values for freshwater environments

“…The actual exposure concentration of GNMs in the assessed ecotoxicology studies was confirmed in 6 studies: Tang et al [40] (in suspension/test media); Hu et al [41] (in algae cells); Guo et al [38] and Lu et al [42] (in aqueous-phase and in Daphnia); Feng et al [43] (by release of 14 CO 2, in suspension and in Daphnia); and Fan et al [44] (in Daphnia). Quantification of graphene was assessed in solution by measuring the aqueousphase radioactivity for 14 C-labeled materials [38].…”

“…The studies with pristine graphene did not include protozoa, fungi, and ciliates. However, a study of pristine graphene effects at low concentrations (0.1 mg/L) on invertebrates ( D. magna ) recorded a stimulation of growth . This observation may be related to hormesis or stress response .…”

“…In comparisons related to size (quality criteria), the surface area of synthetized GNMs was either measured in small number of studies or was reported as the theoretical value (∼2630 m 2 /g, ). The surface charge as a measure of stability of GNMs in water suspension was determined in some of the studies (Supplemental Data, Table S5).…”

“…There was a lack of studies on the effects of graphene and reduced graphene oxide on ciliates, as well as characterization of graphene oxide NMs used in studies with ciliates. Standardized test protocols according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD), and the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) were used in one study with bacteria , 2 studies with algae , 4 with freshwater invertebrates , 2 with a freshwater vertebrate‐fish , and 2 with an amphibian (Mottier et al was not included in the SSD analysis). Descriptions of experimental methodologies (other than USEPA, OECD, or ISO) were available in all publications.…”

Effect of different surface functional groups of graphene on oxidative stress in <italic>Daphnia magna</italic>

“…ROS氧化 生物体内的不饱和脂肪酸而生成的脂质过氧化物产 物丙二醛(MDA), 可用于评价生物体氧化损伤的程 度 [19] . 因此, 本研究选取5种石墨烯及其表面官能化 [20,21] , 本研究选择0~16 mg/L石墨烯及其表面官…”