1978
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(78)92762-9
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The Mechanism of Placebo Analgesia

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Cited by 1,006 publications
(476 citation statements)
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“…One important piece of evidence that placebo effects are not simply due to response or publication bias is that such effects can be reversed by the mu-opioid antagonist naloxone (2,3,7), suggesting that some kinds of placebo effects may be mediated by the opioid system. However, naloxone has also been shown to produce hyperalgesia independent of placebo, in some cases offsetting rather than blocking the effects of placebo analgesia (8).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One important piece of evidence that placebo effects are not simply due to response or publication bias is that such effects can be reversed by the mu-opioid antagonist naloxone (2,3,7), suggesting that some kinds of placebo effects may be mediated by the opioid system. However, naloxone has also been shown to produce hyperalgesia independent of placebo, in some cases offsetting rather than blocking the effects of placebo analgesia (8).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The placebo effect is well recognised and long studied in analgesia and it was in 1978 that endogenous opioids were first shown to be involved in placebo analgesia. Levine et al demonstrated that the opiate antagonist naloxone was able to reduce the placebo response in dental postoperative pain (34). Since then, placebo and placebo-related effects have been analyzed and specific mechanisms at both the biochemical and cellular level have been uncovered.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fabrizio Benedetti, a placebo researcher at the University of Turin, Italy, points to a 1978 study 2 by neuroscientist Jon Levine that, he says, represents the moment that "the biology of placebo was born". Levine and his colleagues administered intravenous infusions of saline to patients who were recovering from surgery, telling them that it might be morphine.…”
Section: Pleasing Medicinementioning
confidence: 99%