“…So far, the resistive switching phenomenon, in which the resistance can be switched between a high resistance state (HRS) and a low resistance state (LRS) by electrical pulse, has been observed in many semiconducting and insulating materials including binary transition metal oxides [7][8][9][10][11], perovskite oxides [12][13][14], chalcogenides [15,16], sulfides [17], amorphous silicon [18], organic materials [19,20], and ferroelectric materials [21,22]. Accordingly, various models have been suggested to explain the resistive switching phenomenon, including the metal-insulator phase transition [14,23], the ferroelectric polarization [24][25][26], the conductive bridge constructed by the migration of localized metal atoms or defects [11,27], and the formation and elimination of conductive pathways induced by the external electric field [28]. However, the resistive switching mechanisms are still being debated [1,2].…”