The mechanism of the electrogenerated chemiluminescence of luminol in aqueous alkaline solution

Haapakka, K.; Kankare, Jouko

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(01)85310-1

Cited by 129 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Summarized from the suggestions [30,15], we attributed the sensitization of luminols ECL to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROSs). O 2 was reduced to superoxide anion free radicals (O .À 2 Þ or H 2 O 2 at given potential, and hydrogen peroxide anions (HOO À ), would also be reoxidized to superoxide anion radicals during the positive pulse of the double-step potential electrolyte or further reduced to produce the hydroxide free radicals (OH .…”

Section: The Attribution Of Ross Enhanced Ecl Of Luminolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Sensitization from Reactive Oxygen Species for Electrochemiluminescence of Luminol in Neutral Medium

Chu¹,

Guo²,

Di³

et al. 2009

Electroanalysis

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In this paper, the sensitization on electrochemiluminescent (ECL) reaction of luminol from reactive oxygen species (ROSs) in neutral medium was studied. The powerful sensitization from ROSs even related with organics and organisms were examined under selected conditions which were suitable for biochemical analysis. The results indicated that whether the enhancers were dissolved in solutions or immobilized on the surface of conventional electrodes, stronger ECL intensity of luminol could be obtained. Enhanced ECL helped to provide groundwork for the detection of biomolecules for which would further enhance or quench the ECL signals. The technique may provide new means in a variety of fields such as clinical diagnostics, immunological analysis and environmental monitoring due to its simplicity and high efficiency.

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Section: The Attribution Of Ross Enhanced Ecl Of Luminolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Sensitization from Reactive Oxygen Species for Electrochemiluminescence of Luminol in Neutral Medium

Chu¹,

Guo²,

Di³

et al. 2009

Electroanalysis

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“…ECL intensity is dependent on the rate of the light-emitting chemical reaction that is otherwise determined by the potential applied to the electrode (Haapakka et al, 1982). Therefore, the infl uences of the applied potential from 1.05 to 1.35 V on ECL intensity were studied and the experimental results are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Eff Ect Of Detection Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of enoxacin and ofloxacin by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection in biofluids and drugs and its application to pharmacokinetics

Liu

Shi

Liu

2010

Biomedical Chromatography

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A novel and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of enoxacin and ofloxacin has been established using capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection based on the ECL enhancement of tri(2,2-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II). The conditions for sample solvent type, CE separation and ECL detection were investigated systematically. The analytes were well separated and detected within 7 min. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) of enoxacin and ofloxacin are 9.0 x 10(-9) and 1.6 x 10(-8) mol/L, respectively. The precisions (RSD%) of intraday and interday are less than 2.1 and 4.0%, respectively. The limits of quantitation (S/N = 10) of enoxacin and ofloxacin are 3.2 x 10(-7) and 5.4 x 10(-7) mol/L in human urine samples and 4.1 x 10(-7) and 6.9 x 10(-7) mol/L in human serum samples, respectively. The recoveries of enoxacin and ofloxacin at different concentration levels in human urine, serum and eye drop samples are between 94.0 and 106.7%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of the enoxacin and ofloxacin in human urine, serum and eye drop samples and the monitoring of pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin in human body.

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“…Observó luminiscencia anódica con distintos materiales usados como ánodo y luminiscencia catódica solamente si el material usado como cátodo era mercurio 10 . Postuló que la luminiscencia anódica era inducida por el oxígeno generado electroquímicamente en el ánodo, y que el responsable de la emisión catódica era el peróxido de hidrógeno producido por la reducción electroquímica del oxígeno presente en la disolución 11 . Varios mecanismos se han propuesto para la reacción ECL del luminol [11][12][13][14][15][16] .…”

Section: Electroquimioluminiscencia De Luminolunclassified

“…Postuló que la luminiscencia anódica era inducida por el oxígeno generado electroquímicamente en el ánodo, y que el responsable de la emisión catódica era el peróxido de hidrógeno producido por la reducción electroquímica del oxígeno presente en la disolución 11 . Varios mecanismos se han propuesto para la reacción ECL del luminol [11][12][13][14][15][16] . En el mecanismo 1, el luminol deprotona en medio básico formando un anión que puede ser oxidado electroquímicamente en el ánodo para generar el intermediario azaquinona.…”

Section: Electroquimioluminiscencia De Luminolunclassified

Quimioluminiscencia electrogenerada del luminol usando electrodos de bajo costo

Salgado¹,

Navarrete²,

Bustos³

et al. 2006

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 20/10/04; aceito em 6/6/05; publicado na web em 25/11/05 ELECTROGENERATED CHEMILUMINESCENCE OF LUMINOL USING LOW-COST ELECTRODES. The purpose of the study was to observe eletrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of luminol using different materials as electrodes such as wires, nails, coins, razor blades, etc. Based on the experimental observations and the mechanisms proposed in the literature, students should be capable of analyzing their results in order to understand the phenomena studied. Students could then elaborate a mechanism of action consistent with the experimental results which could rationalize the formation of intermediates in the reaction and the dependence of ECL on solution pH in addition to other points of interest.Keywords: chemiluminiscence; chemical education; demonstrations experiments. INTRODUCCIÓNLa electroquimioluminiscencia (también llamada quimioluminiscencia electrogenerada, ECL) es básicamente un medio para convertir energía eléctrica en energía radiativa. Es un proceso que involucra la generación de especies en la superficie del electrodo, que eventualmente participan en reacciones de transferencia electrónica conducentes a la formación de estados excitados que emiten luz. Por ejemplo, la aplicación de una diferencia de potencial a un electrodo en presencia de Ru(bpy) 3 2+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) da como resultado emisión de fotones y permite la detección del emisor a muy bajas concentraciones (≤10 -11 mol L -1 ) 1 . El empleo de estas sustancias, como marcadores en biomoléculas, ha permitido implementar técnicas de inmunoensayo y de análisis de DNA 2,3 , además, es posible su uso en la investigación de las características de la superficie electródica 4 , técnica que se complementa con estudios de microscopía electrónica de barrido, de efecto túnel, etc. MECANISMOS GENERALES DE REACCIÓN AniquilaciónLos primeros estudios detallados sobre ECL involucraron reacciones de transferencia electrónica entre especies oxidadas y reducidas (Ru(bpy) 3 3+ y Ru(bpy) 3 + ), generadas en un electrodo de platino, por pulsos alternos de potencial (0,2 Hz), a partir de disoluciones de Ru(bpy) 3 2+ en acetonitrilo 5 . Un mecanismo general de aniquilación es el siguiente: El potencial del electrodo de trabajo oscila rápidamente entre dos valores diferentes para generar la especies oxidada, O, y reducida, R, (Ecs 1 y 2, respectivamente, donde O y R podrían eventualmente representar especies radicalarias), que reaccionarán en las proximidades de la superficie del electrodo para formar el estado emisor (Ec 3). En relación al complejo de rutenio, A = B y la especie excitada representado por Ru(bpy) 3 2+* emite un fotón, h½, al decaer a su estado basal. El estado excitado formado en esta reacción ECL es similar al que se obtiene en experimentos de fotoluminiscencia (PL). En PL un electrón es fotoexcitado produciéndose una transición por transferencia de carga del metal al ligando (π → π*). Si la energía de excitación no es disipada o transferida, cruce intersistema puede ocurrir para formar el estado...

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The mechanism of the electrogenerated chemiluminescence of luminol in aqueous alkaline solution

Cited by 129 publications

References 41 publications

Study on Sensitization from Reactive Oxygen Species for Electrochemiluminescence of Luminol in Neutral Medium

Study on Sensitization from Reactive Oxygen Species for Electrochemiluminescence of Luminol in Neutral Medium

Determination of enoxacin and ofloxacin by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection in biofluids and drugs and its application to pharmacokinetics

Quimioluminiscencia electrogenerada del luminol usando electrodos de bajo costo

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