The mechanism of the formation of tyrosol by <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>

Sentheshanmuganathan, S.; Elsden, S. R.

doi:10.1042/bj0690210

Cited by 103 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…By comparing their chemical properties-including HPLC elution profiles, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) retention profiles, and UV absorption spectra-to chemically synthesized standards, these peaks were identified as phenylethanol and tryptophol ( Supplementary Fig. 1A), aromatic alcohols derived from phenylalanine and tryptophan (Sentheshanmuganathan and Elsden 1958;Dickinson et al 2003). Using TLC and pure aromatic alcohols as standards, we found that Saccharomyces cells were capable of converting radioactive phenylalanine and tryptophan, as well as tyrosine, into the corresponding aromatic alcohols ( Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: S Cerevisiae Secretes Aromatic Alcohols With Morphogenetic mentioning

confidence: 99%

Feedback control of morphogenesis in fungi by aromatic alcohols

Chen¹,

Fink²

2006

Genes Dev.

408

445

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Many fungi undergo a developmental transition from a unicellular yeast form to an invasive filamentous form in response to environmental cues. Here we describe a quorum signaling pathway that links environmental sensing to morphogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Saccharomyces cells secrete aromatic alcohols that stimulate morphogenesis by inducing the expression of FLO11 through a Tpk2p-dependent mechanism. Mutants defective in synthesis of these alcohols show reduced filamentous growth, which is partially suppressed by the addition of these aromatic alcohols. The production of these autosignaling alcohols is regulated by nitrogen: High ammonia restricts it by repressing the expression of their biosynthetic pathway, whereas nitrogen-poor conditions activate it. Moreover, the production of these aromatic alcohols is controlled by cell density and subjected to positive feedback regulation, which requires the transcription factor Aro80p. These interactions define a quorum-sensing circuit that allows Saccharomyces to respond to both cell density and the nutritional state of the environment. These same autoregulatory molecules do not evoke the morphological switch in Candida albicans, suggesting that these molecular signals are species-specific.[Keywords: Aromatic alcohols; morphogenesis; quorum sensing; fungi] Supplemental material is available at http://www.genesdev.org.

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Section: S Cerevisiae Secretes Aromatic Alcohols With Morphogenetic mentioning

confidence: 99%

Feedback control of morphogenesis in fungi by aromatic alcohols

Chen¹,

Fink²

2006

Genes Dev.

408

445

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“…strain PCC 6803, is capable of growing under both photoautotrophic and mixotrophic conditions, while the presence of glucose can significantly promote biomass and bioproduct synthesis (20). Therefore, we have engineered a glucose-tolerant Synechocystis 6803 strain with two key genes, kivd and adhA, of the Ehrlich pathway (21) so that the cyanobacterial strain can convert CO 2 into IB. Through both metabolic engineering and bioprocess optimization, we have improved our strain's IB production capabilities.…”

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confidence: 99%

Metabolic Engineering of Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803 for Isobutanol Production

Varman¹,

Xiao²,

Pakrasi

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

156

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Global warming and decreasing fossil fuel reserves have prompted great interest in the synthesis of advanced biofuels from renewable resources. In an effort to address these concerns, we performed metabolic engineering of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 to develop a strain that can synthesize isobutanol under both autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions. With the expression of two heterologous genes from the Ehrlich pathway, the engineered strain can accumulate 90 mg/ liter of isobutanol from 50 mM bicarbonate in a gas-tight shaking flask. The strain does not require any inducer (i.e., isopropyl ␤-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside [IPTG]) or antibiotics to maintain its isobutanol production. In the presence of glucose, isobutanol synthesis is only moderately promoted (titer ‫؍‬ 114 mg/liter). Based on isotopomer analysis, we found that, compared to the wild-type strain, the mutant significantly reduced its glucose utilization and mainly employed autotrophic metabolism for biomass growth and isobutanol production. Since isobutanol is toxic to the cells and may also be degraded photochemically by hydroxyl radicals during the cultivation process, we employed in situ removal of the isobutanol using oleyl alcohol as a solvent trap. This resulted in a final net concentration of 298 mg/liter of isobutanol under mixotrophic culture conditions. G lobal energy needs continue to increase rapidly due to industrial and development demands, raising environmental concerns. Much of the worldwide energy consumption comes from the burning of fossil fuels, which produces about 6 gigatons of CO 2 annually (1). Increasing CO 2 levels may act as a feedback loop to increase the soil emissions of other greenhouse gases, such as methane and nitrous oxide, raising the global temperature (2). For energy security and due to environmental concerns, there is an urgent demand for the development of bioenergy. Bioethanol is the most common biofuel, but it also has low energy density and absorbs moisture. Isobutanol (IB) is a better fuel, because it is less water soluble and has an energy density/octane value close to that of gasoline (3, 4). Among the next-generation biofuels synthesized from pyruvate, IB possesses fewer reaction steps (5 reaction steps from pyruvate to IB) than the synthesis of 1-butanol or biodiesel. IB is less toxic to microbes (5), so it may achieve a higher product titer and yield (6, 7). For example, a maximum titer of 50.8 g/liter of IB can be achieved in an engineered Escherichia coli strain (8).On the other hand, cyanobacteria not only can convert CO 2 into bioproducts, but also can play an important role in environmental bioremediation. The photosynthetic efficiency of cyanobacteria (3 to 9%) is high compared to that of higher plants (Յ0.25 to 3%) (9, 10). Furthermore, some species of cyanobacteria are amenable to genetic engineering. Table 1 lists the various biofuels that have been synthesized through the metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria. Autotrophic IB production in cyanobacteria was first demons...

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“…Například 2-fenylethanol takto vzniká z fenylalaninu jeho deaminací a oxidativní dekarboxylací přes meziprodukt kyselinu fenylpyrohroznovou [6]. Tyrosol obdobným způsobem z tyrosinu přes p-hydroxyfenylacetaldehyd [7]. Na vznik 2-fenylethanolu mají podstatný vliv podmínky kvašení, tj.…”

Section: Aromatické Alkoholy Jejich Vznik Výskyt a Významné Senzoriunclassified

“…Similarly, tyrosol forms from tyrosine over phydroxyphenylacetaldehyde [7]. Fermentation conditions, such as immobilization of yeast cells, have a considerable influence on the formation of 2-phenylethanol [8].…”

Section: Aromatic Alcohols Their Formation Presence and Significantmentioning

confidence: 99%