“…Over the past few years, student success in chemistry and other science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields has declined, with possible reasons being the poor perception of the field, and students' lack of engagement with these fields (Gill, 2011;PECK). It is therefore imperative that educational institutions look for ways to continue to improve engagement and retention of concepts (Erdoğdu, 2019). One of these methods has been the use of technology in the classroom (Chandran, Treagust, & Tobin, 1987;Magalhães, Ferreira, Cunha, & Rosário, 2020;Revell, 2013), which has manifested in a variety of ways, including flipped classrooms (utilizing class time for worked problems and providing online resources to replace the traditional lecture) that allow students to access the material before and after entering the lecture hall (Hibbard, Sung, & Wells, 2015;Schiller, 2013).…”