The Melano-Macrophage Centres of Fish: A Review

Agius, C.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-469230-5.50011-8

Cited by 113 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The pathogenesis of the increasing of MMCs may involve an increase in phagocytic activity due to tissue damage by Hg and macrophages, which is the first line of protection of Hg intoxification (Loumbourdis and Dancher 2004). Moreover, MMCs contained melanin which is well known for its ability to neutralize free radicals and cations associated with heavy metals (Robert and Ellis 1978;Agius 1985). Therefore, the high density of MMCs in spleen could possibly be used as a potent biomarker for Hg contamination in fish (Mela et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term Exposure of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to Mercury

et al. 2012

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To investigate effects of short-term mercury (Hg) exposure in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) including histopathological changes, Hg bioaccumulation, and protective role of metallothionein (MT) in different exposure routes, adult tilapias were intraperitoneally injected, orally intubated, or semistatically exposed to 0.5, 1, 2, 5 mg/g mercuric chloride. Histopathology, autometallography (AMG), inductive coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), and MT immunohistochemistry were determined at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days postexposure. Microscopic lesions were observed in the kidney, hepatopancreas, spleen, and intestine. AMG positive grains were found in renal tubule epithelium, melanomacrophage centers (MMCs), and intestinal epithelium of treated tilapias. Hg concentrations measured by ICP-AES in abdominal visceral organs were significantly higher than in other organs. All exposure routes caused lesions of increasing severity and Hg accumulations in a dose-dependent manner. Semistatic groups produced the highest intensity of lesions, AMG positive staining, as well as total Hg concentrations. Positive MT expression in renal tubule epithelium, pancreatic acini, and splenic MMCs was observed only in semistatic groups. The semistatic exposure route demonstrated the most significant microscopic lesions, Hg bioaccumulation, and MT expression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term Exposure of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to Mercury

et al. 2012

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“…These nodules have therefore been called melanomacrophage centers, since they were thought to originate from the phagocytic activity of macrophages that accumulate melanin synthesized elsewhere (AGIUs, 1985). However, there is a wide variation among species in the distribution and form of extracutaneous melanins, whose biosynthetic pathways and functions remain controversial.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Melanogenic System of Xenopus laevis.

Zuasti

Jiménez‐Cervantes

García‐Borrón

et al. 1998

Arch. Histol. Cytol.

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“…Although, the actual reason for these changes is still uncertain and debatable and thus many authors consider them as too nonspecific structures, according to Wolke [2], the MACs non-specificity may be of great value in terms of "first-cut" biological markers and this may well prove to be a deciding advantage. These cells non-specificity lies in the fact that beside toxical contamination, several natural factors may also affect MACs metrics, including fish age, size, nutritional imbalance and reproductive cycle [4,5,7,8,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. This is the reason why MACs are still considered as so-called "future biomarkers", since quantitative studies (in aquaculture and/or field) on their normal fluctuations as a result of the influence of natural factors are extremely scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Spleen Macrophage Aggregates Undergo Season-Dependent Changes? A Stereomicroscopic Investigation in Wild Ohrid Trout (Salmo Letnica Kar.)

Rebok¹,

Tavciovska-Vasileva²,

Jordanova³

2017

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In past decades macrophage aggregates (MACs) were being used in many monitoring studies as useful immunological biomarkers of environmental pollution and they are still encountered in the so-called "future biomarkers", since quantitative studies in aquaculture and/or field of their normal fluctuations as a result of the influence of natural factors are extremely rare. Our investigation was designed to quantitatively evaluate the influence of the seasons on MAC's relative volume, number and diameter in the Ohrid trout (Salmo letnica Kar.) spleen. Data showed that all investigated parameters had significantly higher values in fish collected during spring and winter. Correlation analyses revealed that the increasing of the relative volume of MACs is a result of the increasing of the relative volume of melanin loaded MACs, as well as the increasing of their number and diameter. These results confirmed that the season can affect MACs variations and should be taken into consideration, especially when spleen MACs are used as pollution biomarkers in monitoring studies.

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The Melano-Macrophage Centres of Fish: A Review

Cited by 113 publications

References 45 publications

Short-term Exposure of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to Mercury

Short-term Exposure of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to Mercury

The Melanogenic System of Xenopus laevis.

Do Spleen Macrophage Aggregates Undergo Season-Dependent Changes? A Stereomicroscopic Investigation in Wild Ohrid Trout (Salmo Letnica Kar.)

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