The Menaquinone System in the Classification of the Genus Nocardia

Yamada, Yoshihiko; Ishikawa, Toyomi; Tahara, Yasutaka; Kondö, Keiji

doi:10.2323/jgam.23.207

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…As shown in Table 1, these Actinomadura species were recognized to have rather complex menaquinone systems distinct from "true nocardiae" such as N. asteroides and N. brasiliensis (2,3). Actinomadura pelletieri NCTC 4162 has the same quinone system comprising MK-9(H6)[MK-9(H4)MK-9(H8)] as found in the type species of this genus, A, madurae.…”

Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Menaquinone System in the Classification of the Genus Actinomadura

Yamada

Yamashita

Tahara

et al. 1977

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Menaquinone System in the Classification of the Genus Actinomadura

Yamada

Yamashita

Tahara

et al. 1977

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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“…McNEIL AND BROWN (Table 1). Currently, the chemotaxonomic criteria used to assign bacteria to the genus Nocardia include the presence of the meso isomer of 2,6-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) and whole-cell sugars, arabinose and galactose (cell wall type IV) (331); intermediate-chain mycolic acids (46 to 60 carbons) (11,88,89,201,203,335); a fatty acid profile showing major amounts of straight-chain, unsaturated, and tuberculostearic acids (336); and the presence of a menaquinone fraction containing a tetrahydrogenated menaquinone with eight isoprene units as the predominant isoprenoic quinone (119,649,650). Tests that have established the heterogeneity of N. asteroides include numerical taxonomy (48,394,431,600), mycolic acid analysis by gas chromatography (651), DNA relatedness (651), and antimicrobial resistance patterns (625).…”

Section: Nocardia Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The medically important aerobic actinomycetes: epidemiology and microbiology

1994

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The aerobic actinomycetes are soil-inhabiting microorganisms that occur worldwide. In 1888, Nocard first recognized the pathogenic potential of this group of microorganisms. Since then, several aerobic actinomycetes have been a major source of interest for the commercial drug industry and have proved to be extremely useful microorganisms for producing novel antimicrobial agents. They have also been well known as potential veterinary pathogens affecting many different animal species. The medically important aerobic actinomycetes may cause significant morbidity and mortality, in particular in highly susceptible severely immunocompromised patients, including transplant recipients and patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. However, the diagnosis of these infections may be difficult, and effective antimicrobial therapy may be complicated by antimicrobial resistance. The taxonomy of these microorganisms has been problematic. In recent revisions of their classification, new pathogenic species have been recognized. The development of additional and more reliable diagnostic tests and of a standardized method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and the application of molecular techniques for the diagnosis and subtyping of these microorganisms are needed to better diagnose and treat infected patients and to identify effective control measures for these unusual pathogens. We review the epidemiology and microbiology of the major medically important aerobic actinomycetes.

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“…The genus Actinomadura encompasses a range of morphological types (35,65) and has also been shown to be heterogeneous on the basis of fatty acid (2, 12), menaquinone (5,12,67), polar lipid (37,39), and numerical phenetic data (4,17,19,24). Fischer et al (12) provided the most compelling evidence of heterogeneity when they recovered representative actinomadurae in two aggregate groups based on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) and DNA homology values.…”

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Numerical Classification of Actinomadura and Nocardiopsis

Athalye

Goodfellow

Lacey

et al. 1985

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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We studied 170 strains of Actinomadura, Nocardiopsis, and related taxa. The overall similarities of the test strains were determined by comparing 120 unit characters, using the simple matching and pattern coefficients. Clustering was achieved by using the unweighted pair group method with averages. Cluster composition was not markedly affected by the coefficient used or by test error (estimated at 4.9%). The numerical data, together with results from previous chemical and genetic studies, showed that the genus Actinomadura is markedly heterogeneous, Strains received as Actinomadura fell into two large aggregate groups. One, Actinomadura sensu stricto, contained Actinomadura citrea, Actinomadura coerulea, Actinomadura coeruleoviolacea, Actinomadura cremea, Actinomadura livida, Actinomadura madurae, Actinomadura malachitica, Actinomadura pelletieri, and Actinomadura verrucosospora. Actinomadura kijaniata was not studied, but other genetic data suggest that it should also be included in this group. The other aggregate group encompassed Actinomadura ferruginea, Actinomadura pusilla, Actinomadura roseola, Actinomadura roseoviolacea, Actinomadura rubra, and Actinomadura salmonea. The representatives of Actinomadura helvata, Actinomadura libanotica, Actinomadura luteofluorescens, Actinomadura spadix, and Actinomadura spiralis studied formed distinct clusters separate from both of the aggregate groups. Nocardiopsis strains formed a cluster clearly distinguished from the clusters containing the Actinomadura strains.The genus Actinomadura (36) was introduced for sporoactinomycetes that form branched, usually stable substrate mycelia with walls containing meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid but lacking arabinose and galactose (36, 38). This taxon was cited as a genus incertae sedis in Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th ed. (40), but was included on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names (52). The genus originally contained three species Actinomadura dassonvillei, Actinomadura madurae, and Actinomadura pelletieri, and was classified in the family Thermoactinomycetaceae (36). It was subsequently transferred to the family Thermomonosporaceae because endospores were not produced (ll), but it is now thought to be related to genera with chemotype I11 walls, notably Microbispora and Microtetraspora (3,20,24,64). The size of the genus Actinomadura has increased so that 34 species are currently recognized or have been proposed (31, 32,42,46,52,60), primarily on the basis of morphology and wall chemotype. However, there is some evidence that both A. madurae and A . pelletieri are heterogeneous (4,7, 19). The third original species, A. dassonvillei, formed the basis of the genus Nocardiopsis (41), the integrity of which is supported by an abundance of chemical, genetic, morphological, and numerical phenetic data (5, 12, 24, 35,64).The genus Actinomadura encompasses a range of morphological types (35, 65) and has also been shown to be heterogeneous on the basis of fatty acid (2, 12), menaquinone (5, 12, 67), polar lipid (37, ...

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The Menaquinone System in the Classification of the Genus Nocardia

Cited by 27 publications

References 11 publications

The Menaquinone System in the Classification of the Genus Actinomadura

The Menaquinone System in the Classification of the Genus Actinomadura

The medically important aerobic actinomycetes: epidemiology and microbiology

Numerical Classification of Actinomadura and Nocardiopsis

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