The mental and subjective skin: Emotion, empathy, feelings and thermography

Salazar-López, E.; Domínguez, Ernesto Fuentes; Ramos, Verónica Juárez; Fuente, J. De La; Meins, A.; Iborra, O.; Gálvez, German; Rodriguez-Artacho, Miguel; Gómez-Milán, E.

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2015.04.003

Cited by 115 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The great sensibility of the tip of the nose to different emotional situations can be observed in the temperature changes occurring in that area coinciding with emotions—making this first area a suitable reference for thermographic measurement—as the predominant temperature stability of the forehead turns this second area into an appropriate baseline. Emotion‐related studies using thermography have been carried out previously (Salazar‐López et al, ). Moreover, Salazar‐López et al, carried out three experiments measuring temperature with this technique in subjects exposed to different emotional tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emotion‐related studies using thermography have been carried out previously (Salazar‐López et al, ). Moreover, Salazar‐López et al, carried out three experiments measuring temperature with this technique in subjects exposed to different emotional tests. First, they explored the thermal effect of valence and arousal, manipulating both dimensions with International Affective Picture System (IAPS) images; whilst the subjects watched images that varied in valence and arousal, they were filmed with a thermographic camera.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The mental nose and the Pinocchio effect: Thermography, planning, anxiety, and lies

Moliné

Domínguez

Salazar-López

et al. 2018

Journal Invest Psychology

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We applied thermography to cognitive neuropsychology, particularly as a somatic marker of subjective experience during cognitive and emotional tasks. We found significant correlations between changes in facial temperature and mental set. Specifically, the temperature of the nose tended to decrease during emotional tasks and increase during cognitive tasks. However, for stress tests or high arousal reactions to emotional stimuli, the direction of the thermal change depended on the nature of the setting, real or simulated. Detection of deception is a mixed field where cognitive effort, physiological stress, and empathy have evolved, affecting the direction of the thermal variation—higher or lower temperature of the tip of the nose and forehead. We found that the temperature change of the nose and forehead may enable detecting when people lie about facts (the Pinocchio effect markers). In general, one important contribution is to recover mental thermometry as a potent tool for neurocognitive studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mental nose and the Pinocchio effect: Thermography, planning, anxiety, and lies

Moliné

Domínguez

Salazar-López

et al. 2018

Journal Invest Psychology

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“…However, different authors have focused on different parts of the face, or region of interest (ROI), as a key factor to detect the lie by its thermal change: on the periorbital area (Rajoub & Zwiggeelaar, ; Shastri, Tsiamyrtzis, & Pavlidis, ), on the forehead (Zhu, Tsiamyrtzis, & Pavlidis, ), and on the nose (Panasiti et al, ). The rise in temperature in the forehead, the periorbital area, or the face in general has been associated with an arousal effect (Salazar‐López et al, ). The thermal descent of the nose is linked to a greater sympathetic activation associated with fear, stress, lying, or guilt (Ioannou et al, ; Ioannou, Gallese, & Merla, ; Panasiti et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pinocchio effect and the Cold Stress Test: Lies and thermography

et al. 2017

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We applied the use of thermography to cognitive neuropsychology, particularly as an objective marker of subjective experiences, in the context of lying. We conducted three experiments: (a) An important lie was invented by the participants in 3 min, and it was recounted by phone to a significant person while they were recorded by the thermographic camera, obtaining a face and hands map of the lie. (b) A similar methodology was carried out, but adding the Cold Stress Test (CST) of the dominant hand during the phone call, obtaining a second physiologic marker (the percentage of thermal recovery) to detect the lie. Further, it established a control condition where it generated anxiety in the participants using IAPS images with negative valence and high arousal, which were described by phone to a loved one. We obtained results that showed significant correlations between changes in body temperature and mental set. Of particular interest was the temperature of the nose and hand, which tended to decrease during lying (Experiment 1). The participants also showed a lower recovery of the temperature after the CST when they were lying (Experiment 2). (c) Experiment 3 is a replication of Experiment 2 but with a different type of lie (a more ecological task) in a different scenario (following the ACID interview, with the use of the phone eliminated and participants motivated to lie well). The main pattern of results was replicated. We obtained an accuracy of 85% in detection of deception with 25% of false alarms.

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“…Changes in temperature at this extremity reflect a recognition of emotional valence of the stimuli and an increase in arousal. Increases in facial temperature suggest the presence of positive external stimuli, while a reduction in temperature indicate the occurrence of negative external stimuli [18], [19].…”

Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dataset on genetic and physiological adults׳ responses to social distress

et al. 2017

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Both expectations towards interactions with conspecifics, and genetic predispositions, affect adults׳ social behaviors. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we report data to investigate the interaction between genetic factors, (oxytocin receptor (OXTR) and serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) polymorphisms), and adult interactional patterns in shaping physiological responses to social distress. During the presentation of distress vocalizations (cries of human female, infants and bonobos) we assessed participants׳ (N = 42 males) heart rate (HR) and peripheral nose temperature, which index state of arousal and readiness to action. Self-reported questionnaires were used to evaluate participants’ interactional patterns towards peers (Attachment Style Questionnaire, Feeney et al., 1994[1]), and the quality of bond with intimate partners (Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, Fraley et al., 2000 [2]). To assess participants׳ genetic predispositions, the OXTR gene (regions rs53576, and rs2254298) and the 5-HTTLPR gene (region SLC6A4) were genotyped. The data set is made publicly available to enable critical or extended analyzes.

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The mental and subjective skin: Emotion, empathy, feelings and thermography

Cited by 115 publications

References 23 publications

The mental nose and the Pinocchio effect: Thermography, planning, anxiety, and lies

The mental nose and the Pinocchio effect: Thermography, planning, anxiety, and lies

The Pinocchio effect and the Cold Stress Test: Lies and thermography

Dataset on genetic and physiological adults׳ responses to social distress

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