The message changes belief and the rest is theory: the “1% or less” milk campaign and reasoned action

Booth-Butterfield, Steve; Reger, Bill

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.02.013

Cited by 38 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Most participants in all studies were female (Additional file 5: Table S5). The target products ranged from a single product such as low fat milk] [23, 24, 39] to fruits and vegetables [28, 31] and multiple food groups [15, 16, 19, 21, 22, 25, 32, 40, 45, 46] (Additional file 4: Table S4). The remaining eight studies targeted specific nutrients such as fibre (four studies), fat (four studies), calories (two studies), sodium (two studies), cholesterol (one study) and calcium (one study) and usually promoted foods from multiple food groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition interventions at point-of-sale to encourage healthier food purchasing: a systematic review

2014

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BackgroundPoint-of-sale is a potentially important opportunity to promote healthy eating through nutrition education and environment modification. The aim of this review was to describe and review the evidence of effectiveness of various types of interventions that have been used at point-of-sale to encourage purchase and/or eating of healthier food and to improve health outcomes, and the extent to which effectiveness was related to intensity, duration and intervention setting.MethodsRecords from searches in databases were screened and assessed against inclusion criteria. Included studies had risk of bias assessed. Intervention effectiveness was assessed for two outcomes: i) purchase and/or intake of healthier food options and/or nutrient intake; and ii) mediating factors that might effect the primary outcome.ResultsThe search identified 5635 references. Thirty-two papers met the inclusion criteria. Twelve studies had low risk of bias and were classified as strong, nine were moderate and 11 were weak. Six intervention types and a range of different outcome measures were described in these papers: i) nutrition education and promotion alone through supermarkets/stores; ii) nutrition education plus enhanced availability of healthy food; iii) monetary incentive alone; iv) nutrition education plus monetary incentives; v) nutrition intervention through vending machines; and vi) nutrition intervention through shopping online. The evidence of this review indicates that monetary incentives offered to customers for a short-term look promising in increasing purchase of healthier food options when the intervention is applied by itself in stores or supermarkets. There was a lack of good quality studies addressing all other types of relevant point-of-sale interventions examining change in purchase and/or intake of healthier food options. There were few studies that examined mediating factors that might mediate the effect on the primary outcomes of relevant interventions.ConclusionsA range of intervention types have been used at point-of-sale to encourage healthy purchasing and/or intake of healthier food options and to improve health outcomes. There is a need for more well designed studies on the effectiveness of a range of point-of-sale interventions to encourage healthier eating and improve health outcomes, and of the mediating factors that might impact these interventions.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-919) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition interventions at point-of-sale to encourage healthier food purchasing: a systematic review

2014

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“…Past interventions, such as the 1% or Less campaigns of the 1980s and 1990s [28][29][30][31][32][33][34], promoted reducing saturated fat as the primary benefit of using low-fat milk. Perhaps, at that time, this nutrition fact was not well-known.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings were the basis of a series of 1% or Less interventions conducted in the 1990s' in West Virginia [28][29][30][31][32], which were later replicated in California [33] and Hawaii [34]. Relying on data collected before and after one of the 1% or Less campaigns [29], Butterfield and Reger concluded that, in part, positive changes in beliefs about the healthiness (less saturated-fat), taste, and cost of low-fat milk, led to a significant increase in use of low-fat milk [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Maglione and colleagues, building on the findings of Booth-Butterfield and Reger [28], explored attitudes associated with low-fat milk in Hawaii [25]. Using a 4-item scale to measure attitudes (taste and health benefits) and a 3-item scale to measure normative beliefs (community, doctor, and friends and family), low-fat milk users had more positive attitudes toward low-fat milk than high-fat milk users, as well as more positive normative beliefs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Research to Understand Milk Consumption Behaviors in a Food-Insecure Low-Income SNAP Population in the US

Finnell

John

2017

Beverages

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Milk, due to its affordability and nutritional value, can fortify the diets of families that experience food insecurity or find a high-quality diet cost-prohibitive. However, it can also be a leading source of excess calories and saturated fat. Yet, little is known about what influences consumer behavior of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) recipients toward the type of milk used or the prevalence of low-fat milk use among this population. This cross-sectional telephone survey of SNAP recipients (n = 520) documented that 7.5% of this population usually consumes low-fat milk, a prevalence that lags behind national figures (34.4%) for the same time-period. There was a weak association between sociodemographic characteristics of SNAP recipients and low-fat milk use. Instead, less low-fat milk consumption was associated with a knowledge gap and misperceptions of the nutritional properties of the different types of milk. Promoting low-fat milk use by correcting these misperceptions can improve the diet of America's low-income population and reduce food insecurity by maximizing the nutritional value of the foods consumed.

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“…The Theory of Planned Behavior has been shown to work well in increasing physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption (Blue, 1995;Bogers, Brug, van Assema, & Dagnelie, 2004;Guinn, Vincent, Jorgensen, Dugas, & Semper, 2007;Kvaavik, Lien, Tell, & Klepp, 2005;Rhodes, Brown, & McIntyre, 2006;Sjoberg, Kim, & Reicks, 2004;Smith & Biddle, 1999). Additionally, mass media campaigns based on the Theory of Planned Behavior have been successful in changing behavior (Booth-Butterfield & Reger, 2004;Reger-Nash et al, 2005). The Theory of Planned Behavior postulates that intention is a direct predictor of behavior.…”

Section: Theoretical Foundationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formative Research to Develop a Mass Media Campaign to Increase Physical Activity and Nutrition in a Multiethnic State

Maddock

Silbanuz

Reger-Nash

2008

Journal of Health Communication

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Poor nutrition and physical inactivity are the second leading causes of preventable morbidity and mortality in the United States. Mass media campaigns have tremendous promise for reaching large segments of the population to influence these behaviors. There is still insufficient evidence in the literature, however, to recommend mass marketing campaigns for physical activity and nutrition. Successful mass media campaigns should have a formative research base that includes conducting preproduction research with the target audience, using theory as a conceptual foundation of the campaign, segmenting the audience into meaningful subgroups, and using a message approach that is targeted to and likely will be effective with the audience segment. In this study, these formative research steps were addressed to develop a mass media campaign based on the Theory of Planned Behavior to increase physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption in 35-55-year-old adults in the state of Hawaii. For the walking campaign, our results identified time, a control belief, as the major barrier. For fruits and vegetable, the data suggested social norm (if others around me ate them) and control (if they were available). These data then were used to develop a mass media campaign based on these principals.

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The message changes belief and the rest is theory: the “1% or less” milk campaign and reasoned action

Cited by 38 publications

References 11 publications

Nutrition interventions at point-of-sale to encourage healthier food purchasing: a systematic review

Nutrition interventions at point-of-sale to encourage healthier food purchasing: a systematic review

Research to Understand Milk Consumption Behaviors in a Food-Insecure Low-Income SNAP Population in the US

Formative Research to Develop a Mass Media Campaign to Increase Physical Activity and Nutrition in a Multiethnic State

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