The Metabolic Cost of Maintaining Position for Four North American Stream Fishes: Effects of Season and Velocity

Facey, Douglas E.; Grossman, Gary D.

doi:10.1086/physzool.63.4.30158175

Cited by 117 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…For stream-dwelling fish, the metabolic cost associated with maintaining a fixed position increased with water velocity, regardless of whether the fish was a column dwelling or benthic species (Brett, 1964;Webb, 1971;Facey and Grossman, 1990). Assuming a similar relationship for freshwater turtles, results from this study suggest that R. leukops preferentially selected low-velocity microhabitats to minimise the metabolic cost required to hold a position with increasing water flow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Effect of water depth and water velocity upon the surfacing frequency of the bimodally respiring freshwater turtle,Rheodytes leukops

Gordos

Franklin

Limpus

2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY This study examines the effect of increasing water depth and water velocity upon the surfacing behaviour of the bimodally respiring turtle, Rheodytes leukops. Surfacing frequency was recorded for R. leukops at varying water depths (50, 100, 150 cm) and water velocities (5, 15, 30 cm s-1) during independent trials to provide an indirect cost-benefit analysis of aquatic versus pulmonary respiration. With increasing water velocity, R. leukops decreased its surfacing frequency twentyfold, thus suggesting a heightened reliance upon aquatic gas exchange. An elevated reliance upon aquatic respiration, which presumably translates into a decreased air-breathing frequency, may be metabolically more efficient for R. leukops compared to the expenditure (i.e. time and energy)associated with air-breathing within fast-flowing riffle zones. Additionally, R. leukops at higher water velocities preferentially selected low-velocity microhabitats, presumably to avoid the metabolic expenditure associated with high water flow. Alternatively, increasing water depth had no effect upon the surfacing frequency of R. leukops, suggesting little to no change in the respiratory partitioning of the species across treatment settings. Routinely long dives (>90 min) recorded for R. leukopsindicate a high reliance upon aquatic O2 uptake regardless of water depth. Moreover, metabolic and temporal costs attributed to pulmonary gas exchange within a pool-like environment were likely minimal for R. leukops, irrespective of water depth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Effect of water depth and water velocity upon the surfacing frequency of the bimodally respiring freshwater turtle,Rheodytes leukops

Gordos

Franklin

Limpus

2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Facey and Grossman, 1990;Mitton and McDonald, 1993), allows quantification of the swimming effort, something that is not easily done when fish are chased or angled to exhaustion. Ucrit tests also encompass a spectrum of swimming speeds, with the aerobic demands of swimming up to maximum oxygen uptake being met by cardiorespiratory adjustments, while white muscle recruitment and anaerobic metabolism increasingly supports the higher muscular power output near Ucrit (Burgetz et al, 1998), culminating in exhaustion (Brett, 1964;Beamish, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of seasonal temperature on the repeat swimming performance of rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykiss

Jain

Farrell

2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

160

116

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). Given that metabolic recovery in skeletal muscle (muscle lactate, ATP and glycogen, but not PCr) occurs more rapidly at warm than cold temperatures in exhausted rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar (Kieffer et al., 1994;Wilkie et al., 1997;Kieffer, 2000), the expectation is that swimming performance is restored faster at a higher temperature. This expectation would be consistent with the known increase in both maximum oxygen uptake and maximum cardiac output with temperature (e.g. Butler et al., 1992;Farrell, 1997;Taylor et al., 1997) because an improved oxygen delivery system could support a more rapid recovery of the metabolic debt incurred with exhaustive exercise. However, when Atlantic salmon were angled rather than chased to exhaustion, muscle glycogen, intracellular pH and lactate were restored more rapidly under cold conditions than warm conditions (Wilkie et al., While the temperature dependence of exercise performance in fishes is reasonably well documented, information on the temperature dependence of metabolic recovery and reperformance is scant. This study examined the recovery of swimming performance after exhaustive exercise in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss at seasonal temperatures ranging from 5 to 17°C and explored the relationship between performance and preceding metabolic state. The primary objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that increased temperature increases the capability of rainbow trout to repeat a critical swimming speed (U crit), as assessed by two consecutive critical swimming speed tests separated by a 40·min rest interval. An additional expectation was that certain plasma ionic, metabolic and humoral parameters would be correlated with how well fish reperformed and so plasma levels of lactate, potassium, ammonia, osmolality, sodium and cortisol, as well as hematocrit, were monitored before, during and after the swim challenges via an indwelling cannula in the dorsal aorta. As expected, performance in the first Ucrit test (Ucrit1) was positively related to temperature. However, the relationship between Ucrit1 and reperformance (Ucrit2) was not dependent on acclimation temperature in a simple manner. Contrary to our expectations, Ucrit2 was less than Ucrit1 for warmacclimated fish (14.9±1.0°C), whereas Ucrit2 equaled Ucrit1 for cold-acclimated fish (8.4±0.9°C). Cold-acclimated fish also exhibited a lower Ucrit1 and less metabolic disruption compared with warm-acclimated fish. Thus, while warm acclimation conferred a faster Ucrit1, a similar swimming speed could not be attained on subsequent swim after a 40·min recovery period. This finding does not support the hypothesis that the ability of rainbow trout to reperform on U crit test is improved with temperature. Both plasma lactate and plasma potassium levels were strongly correlated with Ucrit1 performance. Therefore, the higher Ucrit1 of warm-acclimated fish may have been due in part to a greater anaerobic swimming effort compared with cold-acclimated fish. In fact, a significant co...

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“…In fishes, for sustaining positions, flowing water imposes energetic cost that varies with season and temperature and depends on their swimming capabilities (FACEY and GROSSMAN, 1990). Bioenergetic efficiency is affected by the availability of hydraulic shelter that does not need to be very large to affect local velocities, contrary to antipredator cover which needs sufficient structural complexity to be efficient.…”

Section: Normal Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature and Functions of Cover for Riverine Fish.

Allouche¹

2002

Bull. Fr. Pêche Piscic.

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This review attempts to assess the nature and the role of cover for riverine fish assemblages. Although early identified as a key factor for fish distribution, especially for salmonids, cover (i.e. woody debris, undercut banks, boulders, turbidity...) still remains the variable least considered in the studies of fish habitat relationships. This is mainly due to the diversity of ecological functions of cover structures in fish assemblages. Cover structures are structuring components of fish habitat and contribute to the biological productivity of streams. But, at the individual scale, cover fulfils three main functions: protection against predators, visual isolation reducing competition, and hydraulic shelter. In fact, the use of cover by fish results from a trade-off between the costs and the benefits associated with its use. Although the relationships between fish and cover appear extremely complex and context-specific, a growing body of evidence highlights the potential role of cover for management purposes.Key-words : cover, shelter, riverine fish, fish habitat. NATURE ET FONCTIONS DU COUVERT POUR LES POISSONS LOTIQUES. RÉSUMÉCet article décrit la typologie ainsi que les fonctions du couvert pour les poissons lotiques. Identifié très tôt comme un facteur explicatif de la distribution des poissons, principalement chez les salmonidés, le couvert (i.e. débris ligneux, sous-berges, blocs, turbidité...) demeure néanmoins la variable la moins considérée dans l'étude des relations habitat-poissons. Ceci s'explique notamment par les fonctions écologiques très diverses que le couvert remplit vis-à-vis des assemblages piscicoles. Les structures pourvoyeuses de couvert sont des agents structurants de l'habitat piscicole et contribuent à la productivité biologique des cours d'eau. Au niveau du microhabitat du poisson, le couvert remplit trois fonctions majeures : anti-prédation, isolation visuelle limitant la compétition, et abri hydraulique. En fait, l'utilisation du couvert par les poissons résulte d'un compromis entre les coûts et les bénéfices associés d'où l'extrême complexité de cette relation qui semble plutôt spécifique à un contexte donné. Malgré les difficultés d'extrapolation, de nombreux travaux mettent en évidence la signification écologique ainsi que l'utilisation potentielle du couvert pour une gestion optimale des ressources piscicoles.Mots-clés : couvert, abri, poissons lotiques, habitat piscicole.

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The Metabolic Cost of Maintaining Position for Four North American Stream Fishes: Effects of Season and Velocity

Cited by 117 publications

References 37 publications

Effect of water depth and water velocity upon the surfacing frequency of the bimodally respiring freshwater turtle,Rheodytes leukops

Effect of water depth and water velocity upon the surfacing frequency of the bimodally respiring freshwater turtle,Rheodytes leukops

Influence of seasonal temperature on the repeat swimming performance of rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykiss

Nature and Functions of Cover for Riverine Fish.

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