The metabolic effect of fructose on normal rats in a mild dose with glucose and saccharose as control

Abstract

Aims: To study the metabolic effects of fructose, glucose and saccharose in a moderate dose by analyzing changes of blood indicators, pancreas inflammation, liver fat accumulation and intestinal microbiota in normal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.
 Subjects and methods: Six-week-old rats were assigned to four groups (n = 10), which were gavaged with normalsaline (Con), glucose dissolved in normal saline (Glu), saccharose-glucose dissolved in normal saline (Sac), and fructose dissolved in normal saline (Fru) for 20 weeks.
 Results: No significant differences in body weight and blood parameters including total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), lipase (LPS) and free fatty acid (FFA) among the Con, Glu, Sac and the Fru group. The fructose can significantly (P < 0.05) decrease fasting and postprandial blood glucose increase compared to glucose, and the risk of pancreas inflammation and liver fat accumulation induced by fructose is lower than glucose in rats. We found there were no significant differences in intestinal microbial diversity. At the family level, rats in the Glu group had a relatively higher abundance of Peptostreptococcaceae and rats in the Fru group had a relatively higher abundance of Bacteroidaceae. Moreover, the proportions of Peptostreptococcaceae romboutsia and Staphylococcus lentus in the Glu group were significantly higher than in the Fru group, while the proportions of Lachnospira; Lachnospiraceae blautia, Bacteroides and Cellulosilyticus in the Fru group were significantly higher than in the Glu group. The concentration of isobutyric acid was relatively lower in all the sugar treated groups than in the Con. A significant decrease in isobutyric acid was found on comparing the Fru group to the Con group (P < 0.05).
 Conclusion: Fructose, glucose and sucrose made no significant changes on rats in body weight, blood indicators, organ index and bacterial diversity. Moreover, fructose can potentially attenuate fasting and postprandial blood-glucose increase, pancreas inflammation and liver-fat accumulation when compared to glucose in mild doses. The relative abundance of six kinds of bacterial genera was found significantly different between rats fed on fructose and glucose.

Diets Enriched in Sugar, Refined, or Whole Grain Differentially Influence Plasma Cholesterol Concentrations and Cholesterol Metabolism Pathways with Concurrent Changes in Bile Acid Profile and Gut Microbiota Composition in ApoE-/- Mice

“…The effect on LCA may be partly attributable to the higher relative abundance of Lactobacillus after the consumption of sugar-enriched diet, which has been reported to participate in the conversion of primary bile acids to secondary bile acids . Previous studies have reported that dietary fiber increases fecal concentrations of propionic acid and butyric acid, while diet enriched in added sugars decreases fecal butyric acid concentrations in animal models . However, with the use of an isocaloric substitution model, we found that carbohydrate type had little effect on fecal concentrations of SCFAs, which is consistent with prior work …”

“…60 Previous studies have reported that dietary fiber increases fecal concentrations of propionic acid and butyric acid, 61 while diet enriched in added sugars decreases fecal butyric acid concentrations in animal models. 62 However, with the use of an isocaloric substitution model, we found that carbohydrate type had little effect on fecal concentrations of SCFAs, which is consistent with prior work. 26 In summary, with the use of an isocaloric substitution model, the results of the current study demonstrated that in comparison to WG-enriched diet, the consumption of both sugar-and RGenriched diets resulted in higher fasting plasma LDL-C and HDL-C concentrations, and sugar-enriched diet resulted in higher TC, non-HDL-C, VLDL-C, and TG concentrations.…”

Fructose aggravating colon barrier dysfunction by decreasing gut bacteria metabolites indole-3-carboxaldehyde and inhibiting activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in vivo and in vitro

“…In our previous research, we found that low fructose intake did not influence metabolic effects 17 , while high fructose diet induced inflammatory response and mucus impairment 18 . Therefore, this study aimed to find potential mechanisms of mucus impairment and dysfunction induced by a high fructose diet.…”

“…For goblet cells counting, 5 µm thickness and carnoy-fixed sections (60% methanol, 30% chloroform, 10% acetic acid) were stained using the Alcian Blue-Periodic Acid Schiff (AB-PAS) method according to the manufacturer's instructions (Solarbio, Beijing, China). Briefly, sections were incubated with a 1% Alcian blue solution (pH 2.5) in 3% acetic acid solution for (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) minutes. The slides were then rinsed in distilled water for two minutes and oxidized in 0.5% periodic acid solution for 5 minutes.…”

The gut microbiome modulates associations between adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet, abdominal adiposity, and C-reactive protein in population-level analysis

“…Microbiome profiles enriched with Porphyromonadaceae have previously been associated with lower levels of VAT in a small cohort of older adults [ 22 ]. In another study, increased abundance of Peptostreptococcaceae has been associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [ 23 ] and, in rat models, with reduced lifespan [ 24 ] and increased fasting and postprandial blood glucose values and liver fat accumulation [ 25 ]. These taxa likely play a role as adiposity modulators through the production of short-chain fatty acids, and in particular, a higher abundance of Porphyromonadaceae has been associated with higher levels of acetate, n-Butyrate, and propionate [ 26 ].…”