The Metabolic Effects of Hawthorn Vinegar in Patients with High Cardiovascular Risk Group

Abstract

Hawthorn (Crataegus oxycantha) vinegar produced traditionally only in Bolu (Turkey) in small amount is believed to cure some diseases such as cold, flu and cardiovascular diseases by local people. However, very limited amount of information is available regarding the health effect of hawthorn vinegar. In order to investigate the metabolic effects of hawthorn vinegar 37 patients who were diabetic, hypertensive, overweight and taking related medications with high cardiovascular risk group were selected and without changing their diet habits and exercise program, vinegar consumption was added to each meal during four-week. There was a significant change on the weight loss, BMI change, blood pressure decrease, glucose, cholesterol, trigliseride, LDL, HDL and cholesterol/HDL after consumption of Hawthorn vinegar (p≤0.05). Total phenolic substance concentration (mg/mL) and total monomeric anthocyanin content (mg/L) and total antioxidant capacity (%) of the Hawthorn vinegar were measured as 0.51, 0.25 and 77, respectively. This study demonstrates that Hawthorn vinegar has positive metabolic effects on the patients with high cardiovascular risk factors.

Vinegar Functions on Health: Constituents, Sources, and Formation Mechanisms

“…Obese animal model experiments have proven that the long‐term consumption of a specific amount of acetic acid (Kondo and others ), grain vinegars (Li and others ; Liu and others ), or fruit vinegars (Wei and others ; De Dios Lozano and others ) can significantly reduce the body weight, lipid content, and total cholesterol and triglyceride contents of animals. Human experiments have proven that the long‐term intake of fruit vinegars can also significantly reduce the body weight, body mass index, and total cholesterol and triglyceride levels of healthy people with obesity (Kondo and others ) and obese people with high blood pressure (Kadas and others ). Although the effects of grain vinegars on human weight loss have not yet been researched, previous animal experiments (Fan and others ; Li and others ; Liu and others ; Liu and Yang ) suggest that the long‐term intake of grain vinegars may help weight loss in obese people.…”

Geleneksel Fermantasyon Yöntemiyle Üretilen Sarı Alıç Meyve (Crataegus tanacetifolia) Sirkesinin Fizikokimyasal ve Duyusal Kalite Özellikleri

“…In the study, it was determined that the L* values of hawthorn vinegar samples were 27.80±0.51; a* values 1.33±0.04 and b* values -0.30±0.13. In similar studies, the color values (L*, a* and b*) of hawthorn vinegar samples were determined to be 31.4±5.2, 20.48±3.7 and 40.08±4.87 (Kadas et al, 2014), 18.10±0.11, 1.96±0.02, 10.67±0.04 (Ozturk et al, 2015), respectively. L* value, which refers to the brightness to darkness, takes a value between 0-100, including 0=black and 100=white (Anonymous, 1979).…”

“…The total amount of antioxidants in the samples was determined to be 86.23±8.12 (μg TE/mL) on average. In the study carried out by Kadas et al (2014) on hawthorn vinegar, the total antioxidant capacity was found to be 76.27±4.6%. In another study, DPPH radical scavenging activity was determined to be 55.59±3.86% (Ozturk et al, 2015).…”

Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.): An Updated Overview on Its Beneficial Properties

“…Many clinical trials have reported different health-promoting activities for hawthorn [148][149][150][151][152][153][154]. In a study on 2681 patients suffering from congestive heart failure, the administration of hawthorn extract (900 mg/day) for 620 days reduced the odds ratio of sudden cardiac death in patients with lower left ventricular function [155].…”