The metabolic syndrome and its components are differentially associated with chronic diseases in a high‐risk population of 350 000 adults: A cross‐sectional study

Abstract

Aims: We compared strengths of associations conferred by the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components across four chronic disease categories (cancer, cardiovascular diseases [CVDs], chronic kidney disease [CKD], and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]) in a community-dwelling high-risk population.Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of Israeli adults insured in a single health maintenance organization during 2010 to 2013 and having greater than or equal to two MetS components (hypertension, dysglycemia, low high-density lipoprotein level, high plasma triglyceride level, and obesity). Data regarding MetS components, chronic disease prevalence, and sociodemographic variables were retrieved from electronic health records and disease registries. Results: Among 347 244 eligible members, 54.2% had MetS. MetS was negatively associated with cancer, (prevalence ratio [PR] = 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.79-0.93) and positively associated with CKD (PR = 1.07, [1.01-1.13]). Some MetS components conferred different associations across the chronic diseases: a high triglyceride level was positively associated with cancer (PR = 1.15, 1.12-1.18) and CKD (PR = 1.37, 1.32-1.41) but negatively associated with CVD (PR = 0.88, 0.86-0.90) and COPD (PR = 0.93, 0.88-0.98). In the presence of MetS, those with dysglycemia had higher cancer prevalence than those with normoglycemia (PR-interaction MetS*dysglycemia on cancer = 1.14, 1.06-1.22). Likewise, in the presence of MetS, men were more likely than women to present with CVD (PR-interaction MetS*sex on CVD = 1.12, [1.05-1.20]). Conclusions: Prevalences of the MetS and MetS components distribute unequally across four chronic diseases. MetS including dysglycemia may warrant screening for cancer, and MetS in males may indicate the presence of CVD. Longitudinal studies may reveal if MetS is associated with different risks or merely indicates better prognosis once having a chronic illness.

Metabolic syndrome, genetic susceptibility, and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The UK Biobank Study

“…Furthermore, we found that reduced levels of HDL cholesterol were associated with a higher risk of COPD. This is consistent with a cross‐sectional analysis of Israeli adults, which demonstrated an inverse association between low HDL cholesterol levels and COPD, along with high triglyceride levels 41 . Another retrospective cohort study conducted in Taiwan, which predominantly included Asian participants, also reported a 1.48‐fold increased risk of subsequent COPD development in individuals with hyperlipidaemia 42 .…”

“…This is consistent with a cross-sectional analysis of Israeli adults, which demonstrated an inverse association between low HDL cholesterol levels and COPD, along with high triglyceride levels. 41 Another retrospective cohort study conducted in Taiwan, which predominantly included Asian participants, also reported a 1.48-fold increased risk of subsequent COPD development in individuals with hyperlipidaemia. 42 However, we did not find a significant association between elevated triglyceride concentration and COPD.…”

The insulin sensitivity Mcauley index (MCAi) is associated with 40-year cancer mortality in a cohort of men and women free of diabetes at baseline

“…As previously mentioned, an association between hyperinsulinemia and increased risk for cancer death was observed in a number of studies and thus, lower levels of insulin could potentially have a protective effect from cancer mortality [ 34 ]. Moreover, studies have shown better outcome for obese cancer patients, suggesting that increased BMI may serve as good prognostic marker [ 46 ].…”

Adesão ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo e ocorrência de Síndrome Metabólica

“…MS is the most common metabolic change and has a growing prevalence worldwide. [9][10][11] In Brazil, this condition, evaluated from the harmonization of international consensus and secondary analysis of the 2013 National Health Survey, showed that 8.9% (IC99% 8.4-9.5) of the Brazilian population has MS. 12 Recent data from an epidemiological analysis show that in a specific Brazilian population the prevalence of MS found was 12.21%. 13 The Brazilian Society of Cardiology infers that MS is this association of several cardiovascular risk factors that associated, in turn, to SAH, under the epidemiological view, is responsible for an increase of up to 2.5 times in mortality from cardiovascular events.…”