The metabolism and fate of [methyl‐<sup>14</sup>C] and [uronate‐6‐<sup>14</sup>C]pectin‐labelled dietary plant cell walls in the rat

Buchanan, Callum J; Fry, Stephen C.; Eastwood, M. A.

doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740660209

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…These results suggest that of the 693 g/d of GalA infused for 1 Pectin, only 9 g was undigested whereas the other 684 g were digested. Intestinal bacteria therefore degraded about 99% of the infused pectin, and this is in agreement with data from monogastrics (Cummings et al, 1979;Buchanan et al, 1994). Results were similar for experiment 2 with only 1% of infused GalA recovered in feces.…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

“…Neutral detergent-soluble fibers (NDSF) are plant carbohydrates that are unavailable to mammalian digestive enzymes but are soluble in neutral detergent solution, thus making them available for metabolism by gut bacteria (Hall et al, 1999). Pectin is one class of NDSF and studies in monogastrics have shown that dietary pectin is completely degraded by resident intestinal bacteria (Cummings et al, 1979;Buchanan et al, 1994). Because pectin primarily provides energy, bacteria also require N for growth on pectin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Abomasal Pectin Infusion on Digestion and Nitrogen Balance in Lactating Dairy Cows

Smith

Armentano

2005

Journal of Dairy Science

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Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that increasing carbohydrate fermentation in the large intestine would increase intestinal conversion of blood urea N to microbial protein, thereby reducing urinary N output. In experiment 1, 3 multiparous Holstein cows were used in an incomplete 4 x 4 Latin square with 14-d periods. Cows were fed the same basal diet and treatments were the abomasal infusion of 0, 0.5, or 1 kg/d of citrus pectin, or the addition of 1 kg/d of molasses to the basal diet. Experiment 2 used 6 cows in a double reversal design with four 21-d periods. Cows were fed one basal diet and treatments were the abomasal infusion of either 0 or 1 kg/d of pectin. In experiment 1, pectin infusion linearly decreased basal ration intake from 25.0 to 23.2 kg/d. This was prevented in experiment 2 by restricted feeding, and basal ration intake was 22.2 kg/d. Abomasal pectin caused numeric decreases in total tract apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and neutral detergent solubles in experiment 1 and significantly decreased starch digestibility in experiment 2, suggesting that pectin may have reduced postruminal nutrient digestibility. Pectin infusion did not affect milk yield but decreased milk fat percentage from 3.69 to 3.53% in experiment 2. Increasing abomasal pectin tended to decrease urinary N and increase fecal N in experiment 1 and these effects were significant in experiment 2. For both experiments, urinary N decreased 26 g/d, approximately 10% of daily urine N output. Abomasal pectin did not affect fecal pH or DM content; however, in experiment 2, pectin decreased fecal ammonia from 19.8 to 13.4 mmol/kg of DM and increased fecal purines from 13.8 to 15.8 mmol/kg of DM. In both experiments, excretion of fecal purines was increased from 15 g/d for 0 kg/d pectin to 18 g/d for 1 kg/d pectin, although this increase was only significant in experiment 2. These results suggest that manipulating dairy diets to increase postruminal fermentation may reduce urinary N and consequently manure ammonia losses. However, abomasal pectin tended to decrease both ruminal ammonia concentration and urinary purine derivative output in experiment 2, suggesting that postruminal pectin fermentation may have compromised rumen microbial protein production.

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confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Abomasal Pectin Infusion on Digestion and Nitrogen Balance in Lactating Dairy Cows

Smith

Armentano

2005

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…in the colon involves hydrolysis of both glycosidic bonds and ester bonds (Buchanan et al 1994a). Plant cell wall polysaccharides and lignin, which are However, it has not been established to what extent the resistant to the digestive enzymes of man, are major ester groups of plant cell walls are susceptible to hydrocomponents of dietary fibre, which by definition lysis in the upper gut.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The solubilisation and hydrolysis of spinach cell wall polysaccharides in gastric and pancreatic fluids

et al. 1995

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Abstract:The aim of this work was to investigate the fate, in the upper gut of a monogastric animal, of polymers bound within plant cell walls. Uniformly and specifically 14C-labelled spinach cell walls were incubated in artificial body fluids with and without pepsin or pancreatin. In the absence of enzymes, artificial pancreatic juice (pH 8.8) at 37°C hydrolysed the methyl ester groups of wall-bound pectins [half-life (t1,2) 25 h]; the O-acetyl ester groups of cell wall polysaccharides were much more stable (tliz 84 h). In contrast, artificial gastric juice (pH 1.85) hydrolysed wall-bound acetyl groups more rapidly (t,,2 -24 h) than methyl ester groups ( t , / 2 -350 h). Thus, a proportion of the methyl and acetyl groups of plant cell wall polymers will be released in the upper gut as methanol and acetic acid, raising the question of whether these groups should be included within the definition of dietary fibre. The artificial body fluids also caused limited solubilisation of wall polymers but no hydrolysis to mono-or oligosaccharides. Neither pepsin nor pancreatin promoted the hydrolysis of methyl ester or acetyl groups. The small amounts of [14C]protein present in the cell wall preparations were hydrolysed by pepsin or pancreatin to yield amino acids and oligopeptides; however, the major polysaccharides of spinach cell walls were neither degraded to low-molecular-weight products nor solubilised by these enzymes.

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“…The metabolism and fate of pectin-labelled plant cell walls (PCW) was followed in male Wistar rats (Buchanan et al, 1994). The PCW were 14 C-labelled in the galacturonic acid residues (using D- [6-14 C] glucuronic acid, more than 85% of the 14 C was confined to the C6 position of pectic galacturonic acid residues) or in the methyl ester groups (using L-[methyl-14 C]methionine, 90% of the 14 C was confined to methyl ester groups and 10% of the 14 C in methyl ether groups).…”

Section: Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re‐evaluation of pectin (E 440i) and amidated pectin (E 440ii) as food additives

Mortensen¹,

Aguilar²,

Crebelli³

et al. 2017

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient sources added to Food (ANS) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the re-evaluation of pectin (E 440i) and amidated pectin (E 440ii) as food additives. An acceptable daily intake (ADI) 'not specified' was allocated by the Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) for E 440i and E 440ii. Pectin and amidated pectin would not be absorbed intact, but extensively fermented by intestinal microbiota in animals and humans; products formed from pectins in the gastrointestinal tract are similar to manufactured pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides (pAOS). There is no indication of genotoxicity for pectin and amidated pectin, although the available data were limited. No adverse effects were reported in a chronic toxicity study in rats at levels up to 5,000 mg pectin/kg bw per day, the highest dose tested. No treatment-related effects were observed in a dietary one-generation reproductive toxicity study with pAOS in rats at up to 6,200 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day, the highest dose tested. The Panel did not consider E 440i and E 440ii as having allergenic potential. A dose of 36 g/day (equivalent to 515 mg/kg bw per day) for 6 weeks in humans was without adverse effects. Exposure to pectins from their use as food additives ranged up to 442 mg/kg bw per day for toddlers at the 95th percentile (brand-loyal scenario). The Panel concluded that there is no safety concern for the use of pectin (E 440i) and amidated pectin (E 440ii) as food additives for the general population and that there is no need for a numerical ADI.

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The metabolism and fate of [methyl‐¹⁴C] and [uronate‐6‐¹⁴C]pectin‐labelled dietary plant cell walls in the rat

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of Abomasal Pectin Infusion on Digestion and Nitrogen Balance in Lactating Dairy Cows

Effect of Abomasal Pectin Infusion on Digestion and Nitrogen Balance in Lactating Dairy Cows

The solubilisation and hydrolysis of spinach cell wall polysaccharides in gastric and pancreatic fluids

Re‐evaluation of pectin (E 440i) and amidated pectin (E 440ii) as food additives

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The metabolism and fate of [methyl‐14C] and [uronate‐6‐14C]pectin‐labelled dietary plant cell walls in the rat

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of Abomasal Pectin Infusion on Digestion and Nitrogen Balance in Lactating Dairy Cows

Effect of Abomasal Pectin Infusion on Digestion and Nitrogen Balance in Lactating Dairy Cows

The solubilisation and hydrolysis of spinach cell wall polysaccharides in gastric and pancreatic fluids

Re‐evaluation of pectin (E 440i) and amidated pectin (E 440ii) as food additives

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The metabolism and fate of [methyl‐¹⁴C] and [uronate‐6‐¹⁴C]pectin‐labelled dietary plant cell walls in the rat